Uso de medicamentos em transplantados renais: práticas de medicação e representações

Abstract

Qualitative research approach, descriptive and exploratory with objective of to know the practices and representations of medication on the use of drugs by people transplanted kidney. 18 people participated in the Dourados (MS), through semistructured interview. The theoretical contributions of medication practices were Peter Conrad and representation of Stuart Hall. The definition of the categories of theoretical analysis was Michel Foucault. Respondents had a mean age of 53.5 years, 13 males and 5 females, with median time to transplant eight years. The medications predominantly used were immunosuppresssive. We developed three categories of analysis: the drug as part of everyday life, the central role of the drug and correlation with rejection, and medicine and the autonomy of the transplanted kidney. The drugs are part of everyday life and the representations of autonomy and quality enhance your daily use.

Utilization of immunosuppressants by people with renal transplant Utilização das medicações imunossupressoras pelas pessoas com transplante renal

“…Therefore, adverse reactions to the drug become bearable in the face of the risk of resuming dialysis. 6 And regarding the presence of side effects presented by the interviewees of this study, it is emphasized that immunosuppressants are responsible for several undesirable results that may affect health evolution. 16 In renal transplantation, there is evidence that adherence in the post-renal transplantation period is more significant when there is no adverse event from immunosuppressive medications, coupled with adequate professional follow-up with guidelines on how to proceed in each situation experienced by the patient.…”

“…In this context, the practices are permeated by strategies, in which renal transplant patients seek to optimize the use of medications, to face forgetfulness, discomfort or disorganization, without following the dosage prescribed by the health professional. 6 Necessary care that will be followed while the transplanted kidney is performing its physiological functions properly.…”

“…In addition, its use leads to a sense of quality of life, protection, autonomy and, why not, freedom, especially when the transplanted person correlates this practice with the risk that exists in relation to the rejection of the transplanted kidney. 6 For immunosuppressive therapy to be effective, some care is required, such as following the recommended doses and schedules; do not interrupt the use of the medicine; comply with the guidelines; verify the validity date of the medication, and keep it in an appropriate place; pay attention to the side effects; and if in doubt if you took the medicine or not, wait for the next hour. For the maintenance of the transplanted organ, it is important not only the use of immunosuppressants, but also healthy eating, reduction of salt consumption, sugar substitution by sweetener and intake of filtered water, care that will help maintain weight control.…”

Viviendo con trasplante renal, sin protección social en salud: ¿Qué dicen los enfermos sobre las dificultades económicas que enfrentan y sus efectos?

“…Pero ninguna alusión se hace a los costos, ni la carga económica del trasplante, ya que disponen de ayuda social y total para el pago del tratamiento. Situaciones similares se reportan en otros países con un sistema único de salud que ofrece acceso gratuito y universal a las terapias renales, como en España 31 , Canadá 32 y Brasil 33,34 .…”

Terapias de sustitución de la función Renal: Metaestudio y síntesis de evidencias cualitativas

“…En todos los tratamientos, la sensación de "depender de…" limita y genera sentimientos negativos. Esta dependencia se da hacia la familia, el cuidador principal, el equipo de salud, la medicación y el sistema de salud; este último puede representar una barrera de atención (40,45,(55)(56)(57)(58). Para las personas en postrasplante, se suma el miedo a perder el órgano (59).…”