Uso Del Condón en Adolescentes Nahuas, un Modelo Explicativo

Abstract

En México, la población indígena supera los siete millones de habitantes, en Puebla el grupo más representativo es el Náhuatl. Sin embargo, las condiciones de vida, salud, educación y transporte son precarias para esta población. En los adolescentes, las responsabilidades como el matrimonio, la familia y los compromisos ante la comunidad, favorecen conductas de riesgo sexual que dificultan su desarrollo económico, social y reproductivo. El objetivo fue proponer un modelo explicativo del uso del condón en adolescentes nahuas. Método. Bajo el marco de la teoría social cognitiva, el concepto de valores culturales de Leininger y el proceso de la sustracción teórica, se desarrolló este artículo. Se muestran las relaciones del modelo con las proposiciones y los factores que influyen en el uso del condón para este grupo específico. Finalmente, el modelo explica las variables de interés, los niveles de abstracción y las relaciones entre sí en el contexto náhuatl. El siguiente paso será implementar los indicadores empíricos para conocer el grado de influencia de los factores personales y ambientales hacia el uso del condón en adolescentes nahuas. Resultados que aportarán información para el desarrollo del conocimiento en enfermería y la reducción de riesgo sexual de esta población.

Personal, Interpersonal, and Sociocultural Factors of Condom Use in Rural Indigenous Nahuas Adolescents in Mexico

“…In terms of ethnic identity, it was found that adolescents who expressed a greater sense of attachment to their ethnic group through exploration and learning activities were more interested in safe sexual behaviors such as the correct and consistent use of condoms during sexual intercourse. This result is congruent with that reported by Meneses-Tirado and collaborators [5], who detailed in a model that adolescents who showed greater commitment to their ethnic group were less likely to have sexual intercourse, and that ethnic identity was a protective factor for safe sex, for a lower number of sexual partners, and for proposing the first sexual relation. However, Nava-Navarro et al [6] and Bukuluki et al [7] reported that greater ethnic identity increased the likelihood of STI presentation.…”

“…These data confirm that social and psychological perceptions of ethnicity may be a source of support that promotes healthy development and protects adolescents from exposure to sexual risk; it may also be positively associated with health and risk behaviors with partners [5]. The Nahua community in Mexico is increasing and is in permanent contact with society.…”

“…These living conditions increase the vulnerability of adolescents who often take risks in sexual relations regardless of consequences such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancies. Sexual behavior of indigenous adolescents incorporates meanings and practices influenced by the interaction of personal biological, affective, and cognitive factors, as well as interpersonal and sociocultural environmental factors [5]. A common adolescents' risk in sexual relationships is sex without condoms.…”

Personal, Interpersonal, and Sociocultural Factors of Condom Use in Rural Indigenous Nahuas Adolescents in Mexico

“…These living conditions increase the vulnerability of adolescents who often take risks in sexual relations regardless of consequences, including STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Sexual behavior of Indigenous adolescents incorporates meanings and practices influenced by the interaction of personal biological, affective, and cognitive factors, as well as interpersonal and sociocultural environmental factors [ 5 ]. A common adolescent risk in sexual relationships is sex without condoms.…”

“…The Model of Safe Sexual Behavior in Nahua Adolescents (MOCSSAN) developed by Meneses-Tirado and collaborators [ 5 ] provided the theoretical basis for this study. This model describes the relationship between personal and environmental factors and how they influence safe sexual behavior among Indigenous adolescents.…”