Usutu Virus Sequences in<i>Culex pipiens</i>(Diptera:<i>Culicidae</i>), Spain

Busquets, Núria; Alba, Anna; Allepuz, Alberto; Aranda, Carles; Núñez, José I.

doi:10.3201/eid1405.071577

Cited by 101 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1 In this region, recent studies indicate that the virus is circulating in birds, horses, and humans. [10][11][12] For the first time in Spain, disease by WNV have been described in 2010 in horses (ProMED-mail, archive no. : 20101119.4203) and humans (ProMED-mail, archive no.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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West Nile and Usutu Viruses in Mosquitoes in Spain, 2008–2009

Vázquez¹,

Ruíz²,

Herrero³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

113

106

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pipiens from Catalonia in 2006, showing a higher homology to the African USUV isolates than to the central European ones. 10 We collected mosquito samples from southern Spain, from areas where WNV circulation had been seen, to look for the presence of flaviviruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile and Usutu Viruses in Mosquitoes in Spain, 2008–2009

Vázquez¹,

Ruíz²,

Herrero³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

113

106

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“…3 More recently, USUV-specific RNA or antigen was also detected in birds or mosquitoes in Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, and Spain. [4][5][6] In the summer of 2009, USUV-related illness were reported in two immunocompromised patients in Italy. 7,8 Despite these cases, the potential of USUV to cause human disease needs further investigations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Usutu Virus in Germany

Jöst¹,

Bialonski²,

Maus³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

162

149

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Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged 2001 in Austria and caused deaths in wild birds. In Germany, 70,378 female mosquitoes were captured in 2009 and 2010 and assayed for USUV. Virus was isolated in cell culture from one pool of Culex pipiens pipiens mosquitoes trapped exclusively in August 2010 in Weinheim, Germany. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the isolated USUV strain from Germany and a USUV strain from Austria, which was detected in a dead blackbird in 2004.

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“…5,7 Even more, a further study described new strains from two dead juvenile Great gray owls (Strix nebulosa) from the Zoological Garden in Berlin in 2015. These sequences were closely related to the mosquito strain reported in Catalonia (Spain) in 2006 8 and, thus, point to different and frequent introduction of the virus in Europe and to a probable higher bird mortality than initially assumed. 9 Further phylogenetic studies have reported an important differentiation between Central European and African USUV sequences, resulting in phylogeographic clustering of eight distinct lineages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Usutu virus: current knowledge and future perspectives

Saiz¹,

Blázquez²

2017

VAAT

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Abstract:The Flavivirus genus (Flaviviridae family) contains important pathogens such as yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St Louis encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Usutu virus (USUV), Zika virus, and dengue virus, many of which constitute a worrisome threat to global human and animal health. USUV is transmitted by mosquitoes and, as any other flavivirus, is an enveloped plus-strand RNA virus. The virus was first isolated from Culex neavei mosquitoes in South Africa in 1959 near the Usutu River, from where it takes its name. Since then, the virus was confined to Africa until its first detection in Austria in 2001, although it was probably present in Europe since 1996 or even earlier. After that, USUV has spread throughout Europe, causing a considerable mortality among birds and a few neurologic cases in humans. The main USUV natural hosts are birds, but infection has also been reported in other vertebrate species, including humans. The fast spread of the virus through the continent, the relatively high mortality caused in birds, and the recent neuroinvasive human cases related to USUV infection reported in Europe have raised serious concerns about its possible consequences for public health. Here, an updated review of current knowledge about this emerging pathogen is presented. Keywords: Usutu virus, flavivirus, host cell-virus interactions, surveillance, prophylaxis Biology of the virus Molecular classification and phylogenyUsutu virus (USUV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family ( Figure 1A). In 2004, the complete genomic sequences of two USUV strains, one African (South Africa-1959) and one European (Vienna-2001), were used to build a phylogenetic tree. These two strains showed a 97% and 99% homology at the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) level, respectively.1 Both strains were closely related to Murray valley encephalitis virus (73% and 82% nt and aa similarity), Japanese encephalitis virus (71% and 81% nt and aa similarity), and to West Nile virus (WNV; 68% and 75% nt and aa similarity). Nowadays, dozens of complete sequences are available in the data banks. In a recent study, the sequence identity among seven USUV strains was 96%-99% and 99% at the nt and aa levels, respectively.2 The only exception was a 1969 isolate from Central African Republic (CAR-1969) that presented homologies of 81% and 94% at the nt and aa levels with other African sequences ( Figure 1B). Due to these differences, it has been suggested that CAR-1969 formed an USUV subtype strain.3 A comparison with the original South African SAAR-1776 strain showed that the mutations found among different European and African strains were scattered throughout the genome, with some unique substitutions and some that were present

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Usutu Virus Sequences inCulex pipiens(Diptera:Culicidae), Spain

Cited by 101 publications

References 9 publications

West Nile and Usutu Viruses in Mosquitoes in Spain, 2008–2009

West Nile and Usutu Viruses in Mosquitoes in Spain, 2008–2009

Isolation of Usutu Virus in Germany

Usutu virus: current knowledge and future perspectives

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