Uterine arteriovenous malformation: A rare yet perilous entity.

Abstract

Background: Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) is a rare diagnosis. Although rare, it can cause massive and life-threatening hemorrhage, eventually leading to considerable morbidity and mortality. Healthcare professionals need to have a high index of suspicion in order to avoid the morbidity associated with Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation. We shed light on this relatively under-researched gynecologic diagnosis.
 Case Presentation: We describe the presentation, workup, including radiological studies, and subsequent management of Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation in two reproductive-age females who presented to our hospital with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Both patients had a history of primary hemorrhage after abortion, requiring blood transfusion. Both patients underwent Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and showed a tortuous serpentine tangle of mixed signals extending from the deep myometrium into the endometrium.
 Management & Results: Diagnosis of Uterine AVM was established months later when they presented with continuous abnormal vaginal bleeding. The diagnosis was established based on clinical examination and imaging studies. Patients were managed with hormonal treatment and responded well; one of them eventually got a successful pregnancy.
 Conclusion: Uterine arteriovenous malformation, causing significant vaginal bleeding, can be managed timely with accurate diagnosis and prompt management, with an array of modalities including conservative, medical or surgical methods. The modality of treatment depends upon the patient’s clinical condition and fertility wishes.