OBJECTIVE-Changes in the maternal plasma concentrations of angiogenic (such as PlGF and VEGF) and anti-angiogenic factors (such as sEng and sVEGFR-1) precede the clinical presentation of preeclampsia. This study was conducted to examine the role of maternal plasma PlGF, sEng and sVEGFR-1 concentrations in early pregnancy and midtrimester in the identification of patients destined to develop preeclampsia.METHODS-This longitudinal cohort study included 1,622 consecutive singleton pregnant women. Plasma samples were obtained in early pregnancy (6-15 weeks) and midtrimester (20-25 weeks). Maternal plasma PlGF, sEng and sVEGFR-1 concentrations were determined using sensitive and specific immunoassays. The primary outcome was the development of preeclampsia. Secondary outcomes included term, preterm and early-onset preeclampsia. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS-1)The prevalence of preeclampsia, term, preterm (<37 weeks) and early-onset preeclampsia (<34 weeks) was 3.8% (62/1,622), 2.5% (40/1,622), 1.4% (22/1,622) and 0.6% (9/1,622), respectively; 2) Higher likelihood ratios were provided by ratios of midtrimester plasma concentrations of PlGF, sEng, and sVEGFR-1 than single analytes; 3) Individual angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors did not perform well in the identification of preeclampsia as a whole; in particular, they perform poorly in the prediction of term preeclampsia; 4) In contrast, a
NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript combination of these analytes such as the PlGF/sEng ratio, its delta and slope had the best predictive performance with a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 98%-99%, and likelihood ratios for a positive test of 57.6, 55.6 and 89.6, respectively, for predicting early-onset preeclampsia.
CONCLUSIONS-1)The PlGF/sEng ratio and its delta and slope had an excellent predictive performance for the prediction of early-onset preeclampsia, with very high likelihood ratios for a positive test result and very low likelihood ratios for a negative test result; and 2) Although the positive likelihood ratios are high and the positive predictive values low, the number of patients needed to be closely followed is 4:1 for the PlGF/sEng ratio and 3:1 for the slope of PlF/sEng.