“…Infectious diseases are amongst the most frequent causes for male and female reproductive pathology and infertility, in humans and animals (Bennett, Dolin, & Blaser, ; Maxie, ). Reproductive tissue tropism has been studied in the context of Trichomonas (Parsonson, Clark, & Dufty, ) , T. gondii (Lopes et al, ; Stahl, Kaneda, Tanabe, & Kumar, ), T. cruzi (Id Boufker, Alexandre, Carlier, & Truyens, ), T. brucei (Carvalho et al, ), Plasmodium (Muehlenbein, Alger, Cogswell, James, & Krogstad, ; Raji, Akinsomisoye, & Azeez, ) , Entamoeba (reviewed in [Antony and Lopez‐Po ]) and to a large extend in Leishmania (Assis, Ribeiro, Rachid, Castro, & Valle, ; Blickstein, Dgani, & Lifschitz‐Mercer, ; Cabello, Caraballo, & Millan, ; Diniz et al, ; Gonzalez, Gallego, Castaño, & Rueda, ; Mir, Fontaine, Reyes‐Gomez, Carlus, & Fontbonne, ; Schubach, Cuzzi‐Maya, Gonçalves‐Costa, Pirmez, & Oliveira‐Neto, ). Infertility can be directly associated with presence of parasites in the tissue, through triggering inflammation and tissue damage or indirectly due to systemic effects that result in impaired reproductive function.…”