Uterine diseases in cattle after parturition

Sheldon, I. Martin; Williams, E. J.; Miller, Antonia Grace; Nash, Deborah; Herath, Shan

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.031

Cited by 370 publications

(346 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The impact of negative energy balance on reproductive performance in dairy cows is well established (Beam and Butler, 1998). In agreement with the present study, stage of lactation has previously been shown to be associated with resumption of the ovarian cyclicity in both dairy (Rhodes et al, 2003;Gautam et al, 2010) and beef cows (Murphy et al, 1990) as well as the occurrence of cystic structures in dairy cows (Gröhn et al, 1994) and the uterine health of cows (Sheldon et al, 2008). As lactation progresses, energy balance improves (Berry et al, 2006), leading to more energy available for reproductive function and other bodily functions.…”

Section: Paritysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The clearance of pathogens from the uterus postpartum can take up to 35 days (Sheldon and Dobson, 2004), while normal involution of the uterus can take up to 40 days (Sheldon et al, 2008). In the present study, uterine score improved (indicating uterine tone had improved and the quantity of fluid present in the uterus had reduced) with stage post-calving and this may simply be a result of the natural process of the uterine involution postpartum.…”

Section: Paritysupporting

confidence: 44%

“…Decomposing traditional fertility traits into more detailed phenotypes may help to understand and therefore improve fertility more rapidly in both dairy and beef cattle breeding programmes. The ability to resume cyclicity postpartum measured by progesterone levels (Opsomer et al, 2000, Santos et al, 2009) and uterine health measured by uterine fluid (Sheldon et al, 2008) have been previously shown to affect reproductive performance. However, these methods are difficult and expensive to collect for on-farm decision support tools and for large-scale data collection for breeding programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows

Carthy

Berry

Fitzgerald

et al. 2014

Animal

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The objective of this study was to identify detailed fertility traits in dairy and beef cattle from transrectal ultrasonography records and quantify the associated risk factors. Data were available on 148 947 ultrasound observations of the reproductive tract from 75 949 cows in 843 Irish dairy and beef herds between March 2008 and October 2012. Traits generated included (1) cycling at time of examination, (2) cystic structures, (3) early ovulation, (4) embryo death and (5) uterine score; the latter was measured on a scale of 1 (good) to 4 (poor) characterising the tone of the uterine wall and fluid present in the uterus. After editing, 72 773 records from 44 415 dairy and beef cows in 643 herds remained. Factors associated with the logit of the probability of a positive outcome for each of the binary fertility traits were determined using generalised estimating equations; linear mixed model analysis was used for the analysis of uterine score. The prevalence of cycling, cystic structures, early ovulation and embryo death was 84.75%, 3.87%, 7.47% and 3.84%, respectively. The occurrence of the uterine heath score of 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 70.63%, 19.75%, 8.36% and 1.26%, respectively. Cows in beef herds had a 0.51 odds (95% CI = 0.41 to 0.63, P < 0.001) of cycling at the time of examination compared with cows in dairy herds; stage of lactation at the time of examination was the same in both herd types. Furthermore, cows in dairy herds had an inferior uterine score (indicating poorer tone and a greater quantity of uterine fluid present) compared with cows in beef herds. The likelihood of cycling at the time of examination increased with parity and stage of lactation, but was reduced in cows that had experienced dystocia in the previous calving. The presence of cystic structures on the ovaries increased with parity and stage of lactation. The likelihood of embryo/foetal death increased with parity and stage of lactation. Dystocia was not associated with the presence of cystic structures or embryo death. Uterine score improved with parity and stage of lactation, while cows that experienced dystocia in the previous calving had an inferior uterine score. Heterosis was the only factor associated with increased likelihood of early ovulation. The fertility traits identified, and the associated risk factors, provide useful information on the reproductive status of dairy and beef cows.

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Section: Paritysupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Paritysupporting

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows

Carthy

Berry

Fitzgerald

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…Para que os animais voltem a conceber após a parição é preciso que ocorram alguns eventos no pós-parto imediato como a eliminação da placenta, involução uterina, regeneração do endométrio, eliminação bacteriana e retorno ovariano à ciclicidade (Sheldon 2004, Sheldon et al 2008. Dessa forma, para lograr bons índices sanitários e reprodutivos do rebanho, é importante conhecer o padrão fisiológi-co do metabolismo da raça em questão, para assim, poder diagnosticar precocemente eventuais desordens e intervir de maneira a saná-las.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Perfil metabólico de vacas Jersey clinicamente saudáveis

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-O conhecimento do metabolismo dos animais é de suma importância para se obter sucesso em qualquer atividade que envolva rebanhos. Objetivou-se determinar o perfil bioquímico sérico de vacas Jersey clinicamente saudáveis no pré e pós-parto, mantidas em sistema de criação semi-intensivo na região de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Realizou-se o exame clínico e coleta de sangue de 40 vacas da raça Jersey multíparas e lactantes em 15 momentos, entre -150 dias pré-parto até 60 dias pós-parto (DPP). No laboratório, foram analisadas as concentrações séricas de proteínas totais, albumina, globulinas, ureia, creatinina, ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA), β-hidroxibutirato (BHBA), triglicerídeos, colesterol, lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL), lipoproteínas de muita baixa densidade (VLDL), lipoproteínas de baixa densi dade (LDL), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama-glutamil transferase (GGT), creatina quinase (CK), cálcio, fósforo e magnésio. Dos 40 animais, apenas 21 vacas atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e seus dados foram utilizados. Procedeu-se o teste de Tukey para os dados paramétricos e para os dados não paramétricos realizou-se o teste de Kruskal Wallis na comparação entre os momentos avaliados. Não houve interferência do balanço energético negativo e da hipocalcemia subclínica na ocorrência de doenças uterinas e no desempenho reprodutivo. Concluiu-se que vacas da raça Jersey apresentam perfil bioquímico caracterizado por hiperglobulinemia durante o periparto, além de níveis elevados de triglicérides, entretanto, sem comprometimento da função hepática e desempenho reprodutivo. The understanding of animal metabolism is important for the success of livestock activity. The aim of this study was to determine the serum biochemical profile of clinically healthy Jersey cows in pre and postpartum, housed in semi-intensive production system in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Clinical examination and blood collection from 40 multiparous lactating dairy cows, between -150 days prepartum up to 60 days postpartum (DPP) were performed. At the laboratory, serum parameters of total proteins, albumin, globulins, urea, creatinine, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were analyzed. To the total of cows (n=40) enrolled, only 21 cows were complied with the inclusion criterias. It was proceeded the Tukey test for parametric data, and to the nonparametric data it was held the Kruskal Wallis test for the comparison between days evaluated. There was no interference of negative energy balance and subclinical hypocalcemia in the occurrence of uterine diseases and reproductive performance. In conclusion, Jersey cows have biochemical profile characterized by hyperglobulinemia during peripartum, and high levels of triglycerides, but without imp...

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“…Investigators have reported differing findings about the percentage of neutrophils that indicates subclinical endometritis in cows. Hammon et al (2006) established as subclinical endometritis-positive those cows with counts of PMN > 25% performed at 28 ± 3 days postpartum, while others established percentages higher than 18% or 10% in endometrial samples collected between days 21 to 33 or 34 to 47 after calving, respectively (Kasimanickam et al 2004;Sheldon et al 2006). On the other hand, it has been reported that more than 5% of PMNs is a significant cut-off point for the endometrial inflammatory response in cows sampled using uterine lavage between 40 and 60 days postpartum (Drillich et al 2005;Gilbert et al 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a simple method for the interpretation of uterine cytology in cows

Prieto¹,

Barrio²,

Arias³

et al. 2012

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:One of the main drawbacks of using endometrial cytology in cows is the time required for sample collection and interpretation. It is recommended to count a large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and to calculate their overall percentage. However, since counting a large number of cells is a laborious method, it would be preferable to simplify the analysis by counting the number of PMN in few microscopic fields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether a simple test, based on calculating the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×, could be a reliable technique for the diagnosis of endometritis. Two hundred and sixty endometrial samples were taken from Holstein cows at different postpartum stages using an adapted cytobrush. Smears obtained were air-dried for fixing and stained with a Romanowsky-type procedure. To evaluate the counting method, the percentage of PMN in 150 cells was calculated as well as the average number of PMN in 10 fields at 1000×. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was constructed to evaluate both methods, the percentage of PMN (used as reference) and the average number of PMN. It was observed that the area under the curve is (regardless of cut-off used) higher than 0.99 and the correspondence between both methods were 1.58 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 15% and 2.40 PMN/field for the cut-off value of 20%. These results show that this simple method could be used to determine the percentage of PMN in endometrial cytological samples and to diagnose endometritis in cows.

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Uterine diseases in cattle after parturition

Cited by 370 publications

References 55 publications

Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows

Risk factors associated with detailed reproductive phenotypes in dairy and beef cows

Perfil metabólico de vacas Jersey clinicamente saudáveis

Validation of a simple method for the interpretation of uterine cytology in cows

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