Uticaj solarne elektrane na kvalitet električne energije u niskonaponskoj distributivnoj mreži

Abstract

The electric power system, as an integrated system for transmission, distribution and consumption of electricity, is one of the most complex technical and economic systems today. Customers affect on the voltage quality of power network, but the network also has an impact on customers. All disturbances in the network can disrupt operation of the network and affect on operation of the customers, as well as reduce the level of efficiency and operation life or even seriously damage network. Number of customers is increasing every day, as well as proportion of customers who generate disturbances in the network and, at the same time, are sensitive to them. These circumstances impose the need for frequent monitoring of the network, so the analysis of power quality is not unjustified cost but extremely important and profitable investment. The quality of electricity, as part of the overall quality supply of electricity customers in deregulated conditions of liberal electricity market becomes significant regulatory parameter for network operators and a significant contracting parameter on the electricity market. Network operators are obliged to establish a system of individual measurements and a system of permanent monitoring of power quality parameters to determine the state and improve the parameters to the standardized level. Technical parameters are determined by the recommendations made at the international level and may, but do not need, be legally binding. Maintaining a certain level of voltage quality at some point of the network is the responsibility of electricity distributor. This task distributor executes by limiting of negative effects of producer/customer to the network. Therefore, each electricity producer/customer is obliged to reduce own negative feedback effects (injection of higher harmonics, taking of reactive power, emissions of flickers and loads unbalances) to a prescribed, prearranged, limited values. There are many norms that describe the quality of electricity, but in Europe the best known is EN50160 (issued by CENLEC). This paper presents the approach to measuring the voltage quality at the point of electricity delivery from distributed source into distribution network from the aspect of limiting the negative feedback of distributed source on the voltage quality.

Potrošnja energije i primena obnovljivih izvora energije u postrojenjima za tretman otpadnih voda

“…Prva grupa se fokusira na operativne modifikacije primenjene na različitim delovima PPOV, a druga uključuje inovativne procese za tretman otpadnih voda sa manjom potrošnjom energije u poređenju sa tradicionalnim tehnologijama i uvođenje eksternih i unutrašnjih OIE. Budućnost OIE u svetu zagarantovana je potrebom za održivim razvojem, zaštitom životne sredine i energetskom efikasnošću, zbog toga što imaju veoma važnu ulogu u smanjenju emisija gasova staklene bašte u atmosferu [44]. Takođe, programi energetske efikasnosti i korišćenja OIE su, za sada, glavni organizaciono-tehničko-tehnološki alati za uspostavljanje održivog razvoja [45].…”