Introduction:In Senegal, as elsewhere, cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly amongst the elderly.Methodology: This was a retrospective and descriptive study with analytical aims, of patients aged 60 and above hospitalised in the cardiology department of the Idrissa Pouye Hospital in Grand Yoff between June 1st, 2018 and June 30th, 2020.
Results:Our study population consisted of 383 patients, 228 men (59.5%) and 155 women (40.5%) with an average age of 71.2 years. The prevalence of geriatric hospitalization was 63.5%. Financial responsibility was mainly assumed by the family (56.4%). The main cardiovascular risk factors were a sedentary lifestyle (84.3%), arterial hypertension (59.7%) and diabetes (25.3%). The most frequent symptoms were dyspnoea (58.5%), chest pain (41.9%) and cough (24.8%). Laboratory work-up revealed anaemia (41%), dyslipidaemia (76.3%), hyperuricaemia (52.9%), hyperglycaemia (27.7%), hyperazotaemia (24.5%) (should we not add the result of serum creatinine, which reflects the kidney more than azotemia?), and positive serum troponin (91.7%). The diagnoses were dominated by acute coronary syndrome (29.2%), hypokinetic dilated cardiomyopathy (14.9%) and cardiac arrythmias . Infectious lung disease (12.8%) was the main concomitant pathology. More than half the patients (60.6%) had presented with a polypathology. The drugs used were dominated by anticoagulants (58.7%), ACE inhibitors (56.7%) and statins (52.48%). The average number of drugs used was 6, and the average length of hospitalisation was 8 days. The case fatality rate was 12.3%, and advanced age (octogenarians with p = 0.005) and diagnosis of ischaemic stroke (p = 0.001) were associated with the risk of death.
Conclusion:Good control of risk factors makes it possible to reduce the morbidity and mortality of these cardiovascular pathologies.