Utilisation of Barley Straw by Steers: The Effect of Quantity and Source of Nitrogen on the Degradation of Straw Fractions, Particle Outflow Rate and Intake

Nsahlai, I. V.; Bryant, M. J.; Umunna, N.N.

doi:10.1080/09712119.1998.9706214

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Since the change in the rate of digestion of N-deficient roughage following supplementation with N is inversely related to the intrinsic quality of the roughage (Nsahlai 1991;Nsahlai et al, 1998a), it is likely that our use of the rate of digestion (k dig ) derived under dietary conditions that are different to those imposed during the in vivo digestion studies would negatively impact on the performance of the simulation model. Moreover, the current implementation of the nylon bag technique does hardly account for the selective feeding of stall fed animals, which could result in underestimation of the k dig of ingesta since it has been shown that sheep select a diet which is 2 -5% more degradable than the offered feed (Nsahlai et al, 1998b). The degree to which the above two opposing effects can counterbalance each other is yet to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the suitability of Illius and Gordon\'s model for simulating the intake and digestibility of roughage diets by ruminants

Nsahlai

Apaloo²

2007

SA J. An. Sci.

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________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of Illius and Gordon's simulation model for predicting the digestibility and intake of tropical roughages by ruminants. Data from seven suitable empirical studies (i.e. studies that reported all requisite data needed to run the model) in which tropical roughages were fed to ruminants were used. These seven studies had 235 intake and 70 digestibility measurements on goats, sheep and cattle. The coefficient of variation (cv)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the suitability of Illius and Gordon\'s model for simulating the intake and digestibility of roughage diets by ruminants

Nsahlai

Apaloo²

2007

SA J. An. Sci.

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“…A passage rate (k) of 0.03 h À1 was assumed in order to calculate the effective degradabilities (ED) of DM and N. 25,26 The equation used was that proposed by McDonald: 22…”

Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The rumen digestion of dry matter, nitrogen and cell wall constituents of the pods of Leucaena leucocephala and some Acacia species

2001

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The disappearance of dry matter (DM), nitrogen and cell wall constituents of the pods of Leucaena leucocephaia and some Acacia species incubated in the rumen of Jersey cattle was studied. The chemical compositions of the pods (seeds husks), seeds and husks were examined separately. Amino acid and lipid analyses were limited to the pods and seeds, while mineral and tannin analyses were done on the pods alone. The seeds had higher crude protein (CP) contents than the pods, with values ranging from 200 to 300 g CP kg À1 DM. The Leucaena pods and seeds had higher (p > 0.001) CP contents than the Acacia pods and seeds. The neutral detergent ®bre concentrations in the husks were higher than in the pods and seeds with the pods of A erioloba having the highest and those of A nilotica the lowest values. These values were highly in¯uenced by the seed/husk ratio. A sieberiana and Leucaena had the highest and lowest concentrations of condensed tannins respectively. The pods of A tortilis and A karoo were particularly rich in macro-and micro-minerals, while the others contained suf®cient quantities that could contribute substantially to the dietary requirements of small ruminants. The amino acid concentrations differed signi®cantly (p < 0.001) among the pods, with the Leucaena pods having the highest concentrations. The Leucaena pods and seeds also had higher (p < 0.001) lipid contents than the Acacia pods and seeds. Dry matter and nitrogen degradabilities were higher (p < 0.001) for the pods of A nilotica and A sieberiana, while A karoo had the lowest values. The cell wall constituents of the pods of A tortilis and A erioloba were the most and the least susceptible to microbial degradation respectively. The rates of degradation of the ®bre fractions as well as the lag times were similar (p > 0.05) among the pods. The results show that these pods can serve as a valuable source of nitrogen and minerals for ruminants fed roughage-based diets.

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“…A model developed by McDonald [ 11 ] was fitted on Statistical Analysis System 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and degradation parameters generated. Effective degradability (ED) was calculated using a passage rate of 0.03 per h [ 12 ]. The model used was: Y = a+b(1–e −c(t–L) ), where: Y, degradability at time (t); a, intercept; b, potentially degradable fraction; c, rate of degradation of b; and L, lag time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of roughage quality, period of day and time lapse after meal termination on rumen digesta load in goats and sheep

Moyo

Adebayo

Nsahlai

2018

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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ObjectiveThis study ascertained effects of roughage quality, period of day at meal termination and time lapse after feeding on digesta load in the rumen.MethodsVeld hay was untreated (poor roughage quality, PRQ), improved (improved roughage quality, IRQ) by treating with urea or semi-improved by spraying with urea (semi-improved roughage quality, SIRQ). Experiment 1a used four rumen fistulated sheep to determine in-sacco degradability. Twelve sheep (56.3±4.59 kg) were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 6) and PRQ (n = 6) to determine solid and liquid passage rates. In experiment 1b, nine sheep (37.6±9.34 kg) were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 4) and PRQ (n = 5) to determine digestibility. Sixteen sheep (36.47±9.46 kg) were blocked by body weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 8) and PRQ (n = 8). Two sheep were slaughtered for each sampling time in each treatment (IRQ and PRQ) at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after feeding to determine rumen load. In experiment 2, eighteen goats (25.4±9.08 kg) were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 6), SIRQ (n = 6), and PRQ (n = 6). Then all 18 goats were slaughtered soon after meal termination in the morning; afternoon and evening to determine the effect of period of day on rumen fill.ResultsRate of degradation and effective degradability were enhanced by improvement of roughage quality. Roughage quality had no effect on digestibility, but digestibility was higher in goats than sheep. Fractional passage rate of particles was higher for IRQ than PRQ, but similar for liquids. Digesta fractional clearance rates at 24 h after feeding were 0.018/h (IRQ) and 0.006/h (PRQ). Period of day had an influence on rumen load. Neutral detergent fibre load for goats were above 2.03 kg/100 kg body weight for all diet treatments.ConclusionFollowing starvation, passage rate had negligible effects on emptying of rumen load.

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Utilisation of Barley Straw by Steers: The Effect of Quantity and Source of Nitrogen on the Degradation of Straw Fractions, Particle Outflow Rate and Intake

Abstract: Nsahlai, I.V., Bryant, M.J. and Umunna, N.N. 1998. Utilisation of barley straw by steers : The effect of quantity and source of nitrogen on the degradation of straw fractions, particle outflow rate and intake.

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

On the suitability of Illius and Gordon\'s model for simulating the intake and digestibility of roughage diets by ruminants

On the suitability of Illius and Gordon\'s model for simulating the intake and digestibility of roughage diets by ruminants

The rumen digestion of dry matter, nitrogen and cell wall constituents of the pods of Leucaena leucocephala and some Acacia species

Effects of roughage quality, period of day and time lapse after meal termination on rumen digesta load in goats and sheep

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