“…FACTS devices, first proposed in 1988 [ 134 ] can be an alternative to mitigate voltage deviations, and reduce the line flows in heavily loaded lines, resulting in an increased loadability, lower system power loss, improved stability of the network, reduced cost of production and fulfilled contractual requirement by controlling the power flows in the network [ [121] , [122] , [123] ]. FACTS devices can regulate power flow, maintain desired bus voltage levels, and increase active and reactive power flow limits up to thermal rating capacity of transmission lines in a controlled manner during normal and contingency conditions [ 16 , 21 , 120 , 124 ], and hence can enhance the static security margin of the power system by optimizing the existing transmission infrastructure and minimize reinforcement costs [ 44 , 125 ].…”