Utilisation of liquid chromatography in aquatic photodegradation studies of pesticides: A comparison between distilled water and seawater

Durand, G.; Barceló, Damià; Albaigés, Joan; Mansour, M.

doi:10.1007/bf02268696

Cited by 53 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, transformation products can behave very differently from the parent compound as a consequence of its different chemical structure [23]. In this sense, diverse studies have confirmed that many transformation products of pesticides are more persistent, and present a higher toxicity and/or a higher mobility compared to their parent compounds [65][66][67]. Furthermore, different authors have suggested that the phytotoxicity of some CHD herbicides is due not only to the parent compounds but also to their transformation products [10][11][12]68].…”

Section: Transformation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Cyclohexanedione Oxime Herbicides

Sevilla-Morán¹,

López-Goti²,

Alonso‐Prados³

et al. 2013

Herbicides - Advances in Research

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Section: Transformation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Cyclohexanedione Oxime Herbicides

Sevilla-Morán¹,

López-Goti²,

Alonso‐Prados³

et al. 2013

Herbicides - Advances in Research

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“…According to Buser [3], atrazine metabolism follows a hydrolysis, N-dealkylation and subsequent ring cleavage by biotic and abiotic processes. Durand et al [31] reported a photolytic degradation of atrazine only in the surface water layers reached by UV light where hydroxyatrazine is detected as the inain degradation product. Extensive analyses of a large number of water samples from different origin and composition (drinking water, ground water, surface water) by the Central Laboratory of Gelsenwasser AG indicated that the only atrazine metabolite detected in water was deethylatrazine (personal communication by Dr. Schlett, Gelsenwasser AG).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Analysis of the Atrazine Metabolite Hydroxyatrazine Entwicklung eines Enzymimmunoassays zur Analyse des Atrazin‐Metaboliten Hydroxyatrazin

Wittmann¹,

Hock²

1994

Acta hydrochim. hydrobiol.

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Summary: A highly sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is described for the detection of the atrazine metabolite hydroxyatrazine. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits by immunization with a hapten-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate containing 8 hapten residues per molecule of BSA. An EIA with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP) hapten tracer was optimized in microtitre plates. A concentration of 50% B/Bo was found at 0.10 pg/L for hydroxyatrazine. A limit of determination for hydroxyatrazine was reached at approximately 0.01 pg/L, i. e. well below the maximum concentration permitted by the EU guidelines for drinking water and the drinking water ordinance of the FRG. The assay did not require concentration or clean-up steps for drinking water or ground water samples. Validation experiments confirmed a good accuracy and precision. Hydroyatrazine is reported to be the main atrazine metabolite found in soil samples. As organic solvents are usually employed for soil extraction, the influence of methanol as representative organic solvent on the assay was examined. Up to a concentration of 5% (vh) methanol, the organic solvent did not affect the assay. Schlagworter

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“…This effect has been observed in earlier studies. For example, Choudry (1982) found that the addition of fulvic acid retarded the aqueous photodegradation of atrazine, and attributed this to the presence of aromatic polycyclic structures in the fulvic matrix such as anthracene, phenanthrene or pyrene that may serve to quench the photo-excited state of the atrazine molecules (Choudry 1982;Durand et al 1990). However, because of limited research on the photosensitised degradation of FEN, it was difficult to compare results obtained with other studies.…”

Section: Role Of Dissolved Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of Dissolved Water Constituents on the Photodegradation of Fenitrothion and Diazinon

Ukpebor

Halsall

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The photochemical degradation of two widely used organophosphorothioate insecticides, fenitrothion and diazinon, was investigated in aqueous solutions containing three separate dissolved constituents commonly found in natural waters (NO 3 − , CO 3 2− and dissolved organic matter (DOC)). The effect of these constituents on pesticide photodegradation was compared to degradation in "constituent-free" pure water. Solutions were irradiated in an Atlas solar simulator fitted with a UV-filtered Xenon arc lamp with light irradiances (500 W m −2 ) measured using a spectral radiometer to allow derivation of quantum yields of degradation. Fenitrothion absorbs light within the solar UV range (λ, 295-400 nm) and underwent direct photolysis in pure water whereas diazinon (λ max ∼250 nm) showed no observable loss over the experimental period. However, photodegradation conforming to pseudo-first-order kinetics was observed for both chemicals in the presence of the dissolved constituents (at concentrations typically observed in natural waters), with the rates of photodecay observed in the order of NO 3 − >CO 3 2− ≅DOC, with the highest rates observed in the 3 mM NO 3 − solutions (k Fen = 0.155±0.041 h −1 ; k Dia =0.084±0.0007 h −1 ). For diazinon this rate was comparable to fenitrothion photolysis in pure water (k fen 0.072±0.0078 h −1 ), highlighting the importance of NO 3 − on a non-photolabile pesticide, with indirect photodegradation probably attributable to the light-induced release of aqueous hydroxyl radicals ( · OH) from NO 3 − . Suwannee river fulvic acid (serving as DOC) did not statistically affect the rate of photodecay for fenitrothion relative to its photolysis in MilliQ water, although measured rates in DOC solutions were slightly lower. However, measurable rates of photodecay were apparent for diazinon in the DOC solutions, indicating that fulvic acid, possibly in the form of "excited" triplet-state-DOC plays a role in diazinon transformation. Hydrolysis was not apparent for fenitrothion (in buffered solutions of pH 5-9) but was notable for diazinon at the lower pHs of 5 and 3 (k Dia-hyd 0.3414 h −1 at pH 3 and 0.228 h −1 at pH 5), resulting in the formation of the degradate, 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol. This work highlights the importance of dissolved constituents on abiotic photodegradation of pesticides and it is recommended that these constituents be incorporated into laboratory-based fate-testing regimes.

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Utilisation of liquid chromatography in aquatic photodegradation studies of pesticides: A comparison between distilled water and seawater

Cited by 53 publications

References 20 publications

Degradation of Cyclohexanedione Oxime Herbicides

Degradation of Cyclohexanedione Oxime Herbicides

Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Analysis of the Atrazine Metabolite Hydroxyatrazine Entwicklung eines Enzymimmunoassays zur Analyse des Atrazin‐Metaboliten Hydroxyatrazin

Effects of Dissolved Water Constituents on the Photodegradation of Fenitrothion and Diazinon

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