“…Creativity involves mental processes such as associative thinking, problem-solving, and combining different concepts to produce something new and different (Walia, 2019). Meanwhile, innovation refers to the implementation of these creative ideas into practices that result in changes or improvements in a product, service, process, or system (Ausat, Velmurugan, et al, 2023;Diawati, Gadzali, et al, 2023;Saputra et al, 2023;Sutrisno et al, 2023). Creativity and innovation are often interrelated, where creativity is the initial step in generating new ideas, while innovation involves concrete steps to turn those ideas into useful or valuable realities in a specific context.…”