Utilising polymers to understand diseases: advanced molecular imaging agents

Fuchs, Adrian V.; Gemmell, Anna C.; Thurecht, Kristofer J.

doi:10.1039/c4py01311e

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The physicochemical properties of a particle govern the composition of the protein corona it acquires in biological fluids, which in turn affects bioavailability and fate in vivo . Since these properties vary by polymer, it is difficult to predict the behavior of a material in vivo ( 40 ). However, there are common disease phenotypes among different particles, fibers, and nanomaterials ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Particle Bio-persistence and Adverse Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Existing Particle Paradigms to Inhaled Microplastic Particles

Wright

Borm²

2022

Front. Public Health

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Ambient particulate pollution originating from plastic contaminates air, including indoor and urban environments. The recent discovery of ambient microplastic (MP) particles of a size capable of depositing in the thoracic region of the airway, if inhaled, has raised concern for public exposure and health impacts following lessons learned from other particle domains. Current microplastic exposure estimates are relatively low compared to total ambient particulate matter, but optimal analytical techniques and therefore data for risk and health impact assessments are lacking. In the absence of such an evidence base, this paper explores paradigms, metrics and dose-response curves developed in other particle domains as a starting point for predicting whether microplastic are of concern. Bio-persistence, presence of reactive sites and soluble toxicants are likely key properties in microplastic toxicity, but these are not measured in environmental studies and hence are challenging to interpret in exposure. Data from a MP inhalation study in rats is available but the study was conducted using conditions that do not replicate the known human health effects of PM2.5 or surrogate exposures: compromised, aged animal models are recommended to investigate potential parallels between MPs and PM2.5. One of these parallels is provided by tire wear particles (TWP), which form part of current ambient PM and are sometimes regarded as microplastic. A connection to epidemiological studies where PM filters are still available is recommended and consequently analytical advances are required. In summary, established particle domains and existing paradigms provide valuable insight and data that can be used to predict MP toxicity, and direct study design and key properties to consider in this emerging field.

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Section: Particle Bio-persistence and Adverse Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Existing Particle Paradigms to Inhaled Microplastic Particles

Wright

Borm²

2022

Front. Public Health

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“…[ 71 ] While the therapeutic delivery approaches highlighted herein are central to the application of nanomedicines, the incorporation of diagnostics is key in providing information on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, cellular interactions, biological fate, and trafficking mechanisms. [ 72 ] Such information is paramount in developing an improved understanding of nanomedicine behaviors and effectively predicting their consequent therapeutic delivery, and there has consequently been an intense research focus in this space. PET imaging using long‐lived isotopes is especially appealing for monitoring these materials with long circulation times due to its quantitative and clinically translatable nature.…”

Section: Theranostics—combining Therapeutics and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next‐Generation Polymeric Nanomedicines for Oncology: Perspectives and Future Directions

Fletcher

Kempe

Thurecht

2020

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Precision polymers as advanced nanomedicines represent an appealing approach for the treatment of otherwise untreatable malignancies. By taking advantage of unique nanomaterial properties and implementing judicious design strategies, polymeric nanomedicines are able to be produced that overcome many barriers to effective treatment. Current key research focus areas anticipated to produce the greatest impact in polymer applications in nanomedicine for oncology include new strategies to achieve “active” targeting, polymeric pro‐drug activation, and combinatorial polymer drug delivery approaches in combination with enhanced understanding of complex bio‐nano interactions. These approaches, both in isolation or combination, form the next generation of precision nanomedicines with significant anticipated future health outcomes. Of necessity, these approaches will combine an intimate understanding of biological interactions with advanced materials design. This perspectives piece aims to highlight emerging opportunities that promise to be game changers in the nanomedicine oncology field. Discussed herein are current and next generation polymeric nanomedicines with a focus towards structures that are, or could, undergo clinical translation as well as highlight key advances in the field.

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“…Molecular imaging techniques offer unique insight into the various biological processes that a nanomaterial may undergo following injection into animals. Importantly, the imaging can inform on both spatial distribution of nanomedicines, as well as provide functional information on bio–nano interactions [109,110]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is among the best-established techniques for understanding the underlying biology of vascular architecture and endothelial integrity.…”

Section: Gathering At the Tumor Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered Polymeric Materials for Biological Applications: Overcoming Challenges of the Bio–Nano Interface

et al. 2019

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Nanomedicine has generated significant interest as an alternative to conventional cancer therapy due to the ability for nanoparticles to tune cargo release. However, while nanoparticle technology has promised significant benefit, there are still limited examples of nanoparticles in clinical practice. The low translational success of nanoparticle research is due to the series of biological roadblocks that nanoparticles must migrate to be effective, including blood and plasma interactions, clearance, extravasation, and tumor penetration, through to cellular targeting, internalization, and endosomal escape. It is important to consider these roadblocks holistically in order to design more effective delivery systems. This perspective will discuss how nanoparticles can be designed to migrate each of these biological challenges and thus improve nanoparticle delivery systems in the future. In this review, we have limited the literature discussed to studies investigating the impact of polymer nanoparticle structure or composition on therapeutic delivery and associated advancements. The focus of this review is to highlight the impact of nanoparticle characteristics on the interaction with different biological barriers. More specific studies/reviews have been referenced where possible.

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Utilising polymers to understand diseases: advanced molecular imaging agents

Abstract: This review describes how the highly tuneable size, shape and chemical functionality of polymeric molecular imaging agents provides a means to intimately probe the various mechanisms behind disease formation and behaviour.

Cited by 27 publications

References 98 publications

Applying Existing Particle Paradigms to Inhaled Microplastic Particles

Applying Existing Particle Paradigms to Inhaled Microplastic Particles

Next‐Generation Polymeric Nanomedicines for Oncology: Perspectives and Future Directions

Engineered Polymeric Materials for Biological Applications: Overcoming Challenges of the Bio–Nano Interface

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