Utilising routine non-invasive faecal samples for the detection of oestrus and early gestation in okapi (Okapi johnstoni)

O’Hanlon, John; Mogey, Rebecca; Walker, Susan L.; Roffe, Sarah; Clarke, Helen; Edwards, Katie L.

doi:10.1016/j.therwi.2023.100047

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Furthermore, in goral (Naemorhedus griseus), fecal estrone glucuronide metabolite concentrations increased for 2-3 days in the follicular phase, and 64.9% of estrogen metabolites in feces were identified as estradiol [29]. In Okapi (Okapi johnstoni), which belong to the Giraffidae family, fecal estrogen dynamics examined using estradiol-17β antibodies did not show a clear pattern related to the estrous cycle [13], and estrogen dynamics in urine assessed using estrone-3-sulfate antibodies were reported to reflect the fluctuation associated with follicle growth [30]. Based on these findings, the estrogen dynamics during the estrous cycle of golden takins warrant further investigation, along with the measurement of urinary estrogen and the identification of fecal sex steroid hormone metabolites to which estrogen antibodies bind.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Seasonality, Estrous Cycle, Pregnancy, and the Recurrence of Postpartum Estrus Based on Long-Term Profiles of Fecal Sex Steroid Hormone Metabolites regarding Zoo-Housed Female Golden Takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)

Yoshida,

Shimokawa,

Ohta

et al. 2024

Animals

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This study investigates the non-invasive monitoring of the endocrine ovarian activities of captive female golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) based on long-term fecal sex steroid hormone metabolite dynamics. Fecal progesterone (P4) metabolite dynamics were monitored in nine females for 0.5–15 years between 2004 and 2022. Fecal estradiol-17β (E2) and estrone (E1) metabolites were measured during certain estrous cycles, and fecal E1 metabolite concentrations were measured during all gestation periods. The breeding season of the captive animals was mainly between May and December, and they were polyestrous animals whose breeding season begins during the long-day period. The onset of the breeding season occurred slightly earlier as age increased. The mean age (±SD) at puberty based on fecal P4 metabolite dynamics was 4.1 ± 2.9 years. The first conception ages ranged from 2.3–10.2 years. The mean estrous cycle period (±SEM) was 25.4 ± 1.1 days, and mounting and mating occurred in periods of low fecal P4 metabolite levels during the breeding season. The mean gestation period (±SD) from the estimated mating date to the calving date was 253.9 ± 5.7 days, and the fecal P4 metabolite distribution during pregnancy was bimodal. Fecal estrone metabolite levels gradually increased 21 weeks before delivery, peaked during the week of delivery, and then markedly decreased in the first week after delivery. Estrus resumed in the first April–August period after delivery (mean ± SD; 103.5 ± 40.9 days) or in May of the year after delivery (421.0 ± 16.5 days). This study revealed that the estrous cycle and pregnancy of female golden takins can be determined by fecal progesterone metabolite dynamics and that fecal estrone metabolite dynamics increases toward parturition and are useful for predicting the date of delivery. This endocrinological information is important for planned breeding efforts for the golden takins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%