The purpose of this study was to explore factors impacting heads of department’s management of teaching and learning at primary schools in South Africa. The study was based on the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership Model. It adopted a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods research design which combined the positivist and interpretivist paradigms. The sample consisted of 60 heads of department, who responded to a questionnaire, and another additional 10 heads of department who were interviewed. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents to the questionnaire while purposive sampling was used to select the interviewees. The findings revealed factors such as, inter alia, a lack of administrative and financial support, lack of parental involvement, lack of learner academic development, poor working conditions, insufficient supply of learning support materials, and lack of laboratories. Therefore, this study recommends that there should be sufficient time allocation for heads of department to balance the management of teaching and learning with other roles attached to their job description as outlined in the Personnel Administrative Measures (PAM). Heads of department should be trained and be developed to support teachers and learners to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. They should share the challenges that are experienced in the classrooms with parents to be in a position that enables parents to help teachers. School-parent collaboration will enhance effective management by heads of department. Moreover, the Department of Basic Education officials should provide sustained administrative and financial support to enhance department heads’ management of teaching and learning in primary schools.