Utilising the UK Freedom of Information Act 2000 for crime record data

Abstract

Purpose – This research paper aims to consider the use of the UK Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA) as a resource providing access to otherwise unavailable data from the UK Police forces. Not seeking to be a critical examination of Police practice, it offers insight to many aspects of records management appertaining to the police service provision of recorded crime. Authors consider whether record management is sufficiently integrated into police practice, given the transparency called for by the FOIA, contemporary societal needs and the growing requirement to provide high value evidence led assessments of activity both within and external to the service. Design/methodology/approach – FOIA was utilised to collect data from all police forces in England and Wales through multiple requests. Carried out over a 15-month period, three requests were collated and responses compared, allowing for examination of compliance with the legislation and reflections on the manner in which records were sought and ultimately disseminated. Findings – Generally, responding to FOIA requests was well managed by English Police Forces. Methods of data management and collection practice were exposed which the authors suggest pose questions on the strength of records management consideration that may be worthy of further work. Configuration management of records is highlighted as an essential function given the disparity of data releases experienced. Research limitations/implications – This research highlights the FOIA as a valuable methodological tool for academic researchers, but it is limited in respect of seeking firm contextual explanation of the Police internal procedures to answer requests. By making common requests over a long time period to the same Police forces, it provides a clear study of FOIA processes and raises potentially significant questions for records management consideration. Practical implications – Findings provide advice on developing use of the FOIA as an academic methodological resource and reflect on the findings impact on internal police use of data and information records. Originality/value – This paper allows for reflection on the importance of high-value records management in the day-to-day business of the police service and questions whether such knowledge areas are suitably considered. Covering an area of little previous academic enquiry, the research informs criminal justice practitioners of areas for potential further discussion and academic researchers on the validity of using the FOIA as a valuable information source.

Cause of death in fatal missing person cases in England and Wales

“…This underscores the findings of previous studies, which indicate suicide to be the most-common known cause of death in missing person fatalities (Ministerio del Interior, 2021; Newiss, 2011; Yong and Tzani-Pepelasis, 2020). More than 80% of deaths by suicide involved males, and all but two of the 296 cases (99.3%) were adults (broadly similar findings are reported in Sveticic et al, 2012; Woolnough et al, 2019; Yong and Tzani-Pepelasis, 2020). The findings indicate that 1 in every 262 adult disappearances will conclude in suicide, rising to 1 in 163 when unknown causes of death are excluded.…”

“…Third, data quality. Police forces utilise a range of information systems and processes for the recording of crime and incident data, which can create difficulties with comparing or aggregating data from different forces (Johnson and Hampson, 2015). Although our request was relatively simple and concise, it is possible that the data returned may at least partly reflect individual force recording practices.…”

An effective and elastic blockchain-based provenance preserving solution for the open data

“…How much or which way the data is open depends on the law it affects (Modic et al, 2019). Many regulations are defined to support this openness such as FOIA -Freedom of Information Act (Johnson and Hampson, 2015), CADA -Commission on Access to Administrative Documents (Malgieri, 2019), COPPA [1] -Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, HIPAA (Alshugran and Dichter, 2014) (Soriano et al, 2016). Differences in platforms largely depend on the scope and technology used, the organization model, the types of formats supported, community support capabilities and data interconnection between systems.…”

“…How much or which way the data is open depends on the law it affects (Modic et al , 2019). Many regulations are defined to support this openness such as FOIA -Freedom of Information Act (Johnson and Hampson, 2015), CADA – Commission on Access to Administrative Documents (Malgieri, 2019), COPPA [1] – Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, HIPAA (Alshugran and Dichter, 2014), CC-BY [2] and ODC-BY [3]. That is why managing open data with licenses is not an easy task and usually needs support from an ODP.…”