Utility of Adipocyte Fractions in Fat Grafting in an Athymic Rat Model

Akgul, Yucel; Constantine, Ryan S.; Bartels, Mason; Scherer, Philipp E.; Davis, Katie Ellen; Kenkel, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1093/asj/sjy111

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There may be an optimal lipid content, sufficient to induce inflammation and stem cell differentiation. 86 Conversely, intramuscular injections of synthetic oils have been used for aesthetic purposes, with some having resulted in major complications such as fibrosis, atrophy, and cyst formation, 87,88 similar to complications related to free lipids during fat grafting. 89 The rodent versus human adipose compartments differ in their respective lipid-laden content, and although rodents are often used to model adipose metabolism and fat grafting, it remains unclear whether rodent fat pads are the most suitable model of human adipose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular Nanofat Injection Promotes Inflammation-Induced Gastrocnemius Regeneration in Syngeneic Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model

Schilling

Baker

Komatsu

et al. 2022

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Mechanical emulsification of adipose tissue to concentrate protein and stromal cell components (ie, nanofat) has gained considerable interest in clinical practice. Although the regenerative potential of nanofat has largely been used in aesthetic applications, these effects have considerable potential in reconstruction as well. Here, the authors investigated the therapeutic properties of nanofat injected directly into the denervated gastrocnemius after a sciatic nerve injury in Lewis rats. Methods: Muscle denervation was induced by transecting and immediately repairing the sciatic nerve. Inguinal and subcutaneous adipose was harvested from donor rodents, processed into nanofat, and then injected intramuscularly into the gastrocnemius. Gait analysis was performed weekly. Rodents were euthanized at 9 and 12 weeks, after which tetanic contraction force was measured, and gene expression, histology, and cytokine multiplexing were performed. Results: Intramuscular injection of nanofat significantly increased maximum tetanic force generation at 9 and 12 weeks. The forces of the nanofat-injected gastrocnemii were better correlated to their contralateral gastrocnemii relative to controls. Muscle repair-associated inflammatory gene expressions were significantly up-regulated in nanofat-injected gastrocnemii. Cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were significantly higher in nanofat-injected gastrocnemii relative to control gastrocnemii, and the tetanic force was linearly and significantly correlated to IL-1β and IL-18 and their interacting effects. Conclusions: Intramuscular injection of emulsified adipose tissue (nanofat) significantly increased gastrocnemii contraction force after sciatic nerve injury, with prolonged reconstructive inflammation by means of CD68, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, and IL-18 all being potential mechanisms for this recovery. This application could potentially increase the therapeutic breadth of nanofat to include muscular recovery after nerve injury. Clinical Relevance Statement: The authors’ study investigates a clinically translatable therapy to mitigate muscle atrophy after nerve injury.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intramuscular Nanofat Injection Promotes Inflammation-Induced Gastrocnemius Regeneration in Syngeneic Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model

Schilling

Baker

Komatsu

et al. 2022

Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, a mononuclear infiltrate-predominantly macrophages-was seen on the periphery of the fat graft near the blood vessels. Increased dermal thickness, higher collagen deposition and more fibroblasts were also observed in mice, and increased mRNA-expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2 (nonphospho) expression was seen [74]. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly lower in tSVF-treated mice compared to controls [75].…”

Section: Skin and Volume Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Skin and volume enhancement was also studied in seven animal models (mice, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs; Table 7). In four studies, xenografts from humans were used in immunocompromised animals [74][75][76]78]. All seven studies compared tSVF treatment with a control group.…”

Section: Skin and Volume Enhancementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Fractionation of Adipose Tissue—A Scoping Review of Procedures to Obtain Stromal Vascular Fraction

Schipper,

van Laarhoven,

Schepers

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clinical indications for adipose tissue therapy are expanding towards a regenerative-based approach. Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction consists of extracellular matrix and all nonadipocyte cells such as connective tissue cells including fibroblasts, adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and vascular cells. Tissue stromal vascular fraction (tSVF) is obtained by mechanical fractionation, forcing adipose tissue through a device with one or more small hole(s) or cutting blades between syringes. The aim of this scoping review was to assess the efficacy of mechanical fractionation procedures to obtain tSVF. In addition, we provide an overview of the clinical, that is, therapeutic, efficacy of tSVF isolated by mechanical fraction on skin rejuvenation, wound healing and osteoarthritis. Procedures to obtain tissue stromal vascular fraction using mechanical fractionation and their associated validation data were included for comparison. For clinical outcome comparison, both animal and human studies that reported results after tSVF injection were included. We categorized mechanical fractionation procedures into filtration (n = 4), centrifugation (n = 8), both filtration and centrifugation (n = 3) and other methods (n = 3). In total, 1465 patients and 410 animals were described in the included clinical studies. tSVF seems to have a more positive clinical outcome in diseases with a high proinflammatory character such as osteoarthritis or (disturbed) wound healing, in comparison with skin rejuvenation of aging skin. Isolation of tSVF is obtained by disruption of adipocytes and therefore volume is reduced. Procedures consisting of centrifugation prior to mechanical fractionation seem to be most effective in volume reduction and thus isolation of tSVF. tSVF injection seems to be especially beneficial in clinical applications such as osteoarthritis or wound healing. Clinical application of tSVF appeared to be independent of the preparation procedure, which indicates that current methods are highly versatile.

show abstract

“…Following collection, microbiopsies were immediately fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma‐Aldrich) for 4 hours, then kept in 50% ethanol until paraffin embedding. Immunostainings were done as described previously [20]. Briefly, the sections (5 μm thick) were deparaffinized and blocked with 10% normal goat serum (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA) for 20 minutes at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ImageJ software was used to generate individual images. Paraffin processing, embedding, sectioning, and histological staining with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome were performed as described previously [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Use of Non‐Invasive Devices and Microbiopsies to Assess Facial Skin Rejuvenation Following Laser Treatment

Kislevitz

Lu²,

Wamsley

et al. 2020

Lasers Surg Med

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Objective: Patient-reported outcomes and blinded observer rating scales are subjective and unreliable but are extensively utilized to evaluate cosmetic office-based treatments, including ablative lasers. This study aims to assess the practicality of using noninvasive and minimally invasive methods for objective skin assessment following a skin rejuvenation treatment. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Twelve patients received a single 1,470/2,940 nm laser treatment for facial rejuvenation. Assessments were performed before treatment, and 7 days, 3 weeks, and 3 months posttreatment. Images were taken with the VISIA Skin Analysis System to measure wrinkles, textures, pores, ultraviolet (UV) spots, brown spots, red areas, and porphyrins. Other non-invasive skin measurements-highresolution ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography, transepidermal water loss and BTC 2000-were used to measure epidermal/dermal thickness, blood flow, surface roughness, wrinkle depth, attenuation coefficient, elasticity, laxity, and viscoelasticity. Microbiopsies (0.33 mm in diameter or the equivalent of a 23-gauge needle) were collected for histology and gene expression of tissue rejuvenation. Results: Significant improvement in facial skin aesthetics after laser treatment was recorded in UV spots, brown spots and pores after 3 weeks and in UV spots and brown spots after 3 months. The dermal attenuation coefficient decreased significantly at 3 weeks, while blood flow 0.5 to 0.7 mm below the skin surface increased significantly between 5 days and 3 weeks following treatment. Epidermal hyaluronic acid expression assessed by immunostaining and expression of inflammatory genes were elevated at 7 days posttreatment compared with untreated or 3 months posttreatment. There were no statistically significant changes in collagen or elastin-related genes between groups at the studied parameters. Conclusion: Non-invasive devices can be effectively used to provide objective measurements of skin structure, pigmentation, blood flow, and elasticity to assess the efficacy of facial skin rejuvenation treatments. Furthermore, microbiopsies can objectively evaluate facial skin rejuvenation without scarring. Using non-invasive skin imaging, a single treatment with the 1,470/2,940 nm laser was observed to be effective in improving skin appearance after 3 months, namely in reducing UV spots and brown spots, without significant changes in the tissue at the molecular level, as assessed by microbiopsy. Lasers Surg.

show abstract

Utility of Adipocyte Fractions in Fat Grafting in an Athymic Rat Model

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Intramuscular Nanofat Injection Promotes Inflammation-Induced Gastrocnemius Regeneration in Syngeneic Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model

Intramuscular Nanofat Injection Promotes Inflammation-Induced Gastrocnemius Regeneration in Syngeneic Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model

Mechanical Fractionation of Adipose Tissue—A Scoping Review of Procedures to Obtain Stromal Vascular Fraction

Novel Use of Non‐Invasive Devices and Microbiopsies to Assess Facial Skin Rejuvenation Following Laser Treatment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About