Utility of Adipokines and IL-10 in Association with Anthropometry in Prediction of Insulin Resistance in Obese Children

Abstract

This is a case-controlled study, with two hundred children enrolled. They were divided into an obese group of 100 children who had BMI ≥ 95th percentile according to CDC criteria and a group of 100 children with normal weight. All enrolled children were subjected to detailed medical history and clinical examination, in addition to measuring fasting blood sugar, fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR calculation, lipid profile analysis, total serum cholesterol, low-and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), and serum triglyceride (TG). Two adipokines (lipocalin-2 and adipsin) serum levels plus IL-10 serum level were assessed. Results: Higher Z score of weight, MI, and waist/height ratio and high serum cholesterol, LDL, TG, and low HDL were observed in obese children. Higher levels of serum lipocalin-2 and adipsin and lower IL-10 blood level were observed in the obese group in comparison with the normal weight children. Higher insulin resistance index was observed in the obese group, with positive correlation of HOMA-IR with the anthropometric measurements and lipocalin serum level, while negative correlation was observed between IL-10 and fasting insulin in obese children. Conclusion: Simple measurement of general and central adiposity markers and serum lipocalin-2 can predict insulin resistance in obese children while serum adipsin and IL-10 had no association with insulin resistance.

The role of adipokines and ghrelin in interactions and clinical implications in childhood obesity

“…This obesity-induced dyslipidemia in children has been documented in numerous studies worldwide, including in Slovenia, Portugal, Iran, Argentina, Egypt, Brazil, Turkey, Italy, and India. [ 22 24 25 ] The observations from the current study further corroborate these findings.…”

“…that demonstrate a compensatory decrease in ghrelin when adipose tissue increases, this study reveals increased ghrelin levels in obese children. [ 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 ] This discrepancy suggests that the potential negative feedback mechanism to regulate energy consumption may not be present, as the lower concentration of ghrelin observed in obese children challenges the expected pattern. [ 40 ] Instead, these findings align with the studies that show a significant elevation in ghrelin levels among the obese groups.…”

Increased Serum Adipsin Correlates with MAFLD and Metabolic Risk Abnormalities

“… 37 However, it has also been reported that serum adipsin had no association with insulin resistance in obese children. 38 A positive correlation between adipsin and HOMA-IR was observed in our study. We found that the more severe the MAFLD in patients, the higher the adipsin levels.…”

Crucial Regulatory Role of Organokines in Relation to Metabolic Changes in Non-Diabetic Obesity

“…These facts could help us to understand the results found in rodents. Serum and urinary levels of LCN-2 are associated with the markers of obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes both in adults and adolescents [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]. It was reported that circulating levels of LCN-2 was markedly increased in subjects that had impaired fasting glucose and glucose tolerance compared to normal subjects.…”