Utility of Bartonella henselae IgM Western Blot Bands for Serodiagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease

Otsuyama, Ken-ichiro; Tsuneoka, Hidehiro; Yoshidomi, Hiroka; Haraguchi, Mio; Yanagihara, Masashi; Tokuda, Nobuko; Nojima, Junzo; Ichihara, Kiyoshi

doi:10.1128/jcm.01322-17

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Alternatively, some IFA seronegative humans (control group) may have been exposed to a Bartonella spp., but immunofluorescence was not visualized using cell cultured Bartonella spp. antigens, as was previously reported (16). In the context of specificity, B. henselae Pap31 shares homology with Neisseria opacity proteins (Opa), Brucella OMP31 (a putative porin), and Agrobacterium tumefaciens OMP25 (an immunogenic surface protein) [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Currently, the diagnosis of canine and human Bartonelloses is performed by the isolation of Bartonella by culture, the amplification of Bartonella DNA by PCR, and the detection of Bartonella antibodies by serological assays. Although serology can only confirm exposure, immunofluorescent antibody assays (IFAs), Western Blot (WB), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are most frequently used for the diagnosis of canine and human Bartonelloses [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Previously, we reported that the sensitivity of IFA did not substantially improve despite using a panel consisting of eight Bartonella IFA antigens, each tested as an independent serological assay [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bartonella henselae Recombinant Pap31 for the Diagnosis of Canine and Human Bartonelloses

et al. 2022

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Bartonella spp. comprise a genus of Gram-negative alphaproteobacteria that are slow growing, fastidious, and facultative intracellular pathogens with zoonotic potential. Immunofluorescent antibody assays (IFAs), Western blot (WB), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), the frequently used modalities for the serological diagnosis of canine and human Bartonelloses, generate numerous false negative results. Therefore, the development of a reliable serodiagnostic assay for Bartonelloses is of clinical and epidemiological importance. Pap31, a heme binding surface protein of B. henselae, is associated with bacterial adhesion and related to bacterial colonization. To our knowledge, B. henselae Pap31 and its fragments (N-terminal (NTD), middle (MD), and C-terminal (CTD) domains) have not been investigated for the serodiagnosis of canine and human Bartonelloses. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic utility of B. henselae recombinant whole Pap31 (rPap31) and Pap31 fragments by ELISA using sera from 70 dogs (36 Bartonella spp. IFA-positive (naturally infected), and 34 Bartonella spp. IFA- and PCR-negative (control dogs)) and 36 humans (18 Bartonella spp. IFA-positive (naturally infected) and 18 controls)). In the dogs, the area under the curve (AUC) score of recombinant whole Pap31 was 0.714 with a sensitivity of 42% and specificity of 94% at an OD cutoff value of 0.8955. Among the evaluated recombinant Pap31 proteins for the diagnosis of canine Bartonelloses, rPap31-NTD yielded the highest AUC score of 0.792 (95% CI 0.688–0.895) with a sensitivity of 44% and specificity of 100% at a cutoff value of 1.198. In concordance with this finding, rPap31-NTD also had the highest AUC score of 0.747 (95% CI 0.581–0.913) among the Pap31 recombinant proteins for the diagnosis of human Bartonelloses, with 39% sensitivity and 94% specificity at a cutoff value of 1.366. Recombinant whole Pap31 (rPap31) resulted in 72% sensitivity and 61% specificity at a cutoff value of 0.215 for human Bartonelloses. Due to either low sensitivity or questionable specificity, our findings indicate that recombinant Pap31 and the selected fragments may not be appropriate diagnostic targets in detecting anti-Bartonella antibodies in Bartonella-infected dogs and humans. The findings from this study can be used to further assess the antigenicity and immunogenicity of B. henselae Pap31 as a diagnostic target.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bartonella henselae Recombinant Pap31 for the Diagnosis of Canine and Human Bartonelloses

et al. 2022

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“…ELISA and Indirect immunoflourescence assays (IFA) are the standard tools to diagnose bartonellosis, however increased sensitivity is associated with decreased specificity with both these antibody assays [79,80]. There is preliminary evidence that Western blot testing for Bartonella as performed in this case series is both more sensitive and specific than either IFA or ELISA testing [81].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Microbial Induced Autoimmune Inflammation as a Cause of Mental Illness in Adolescents: A Case Series

Kinderlehrer¹,

Brown²

2021

GJMR

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The incidence of mental health disorders in adolescents continues to rise. The cause of the increase in mental illness is multifactorial, including both environmental and biological causes. To investigate the latter, ten adolescents at a psychiatric residential treatment center in Colorado with the DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), of whom seven were additionally diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), were chosen at random for further serologic study. Testing revealed exposureto group A Streptococcus(GAS) in 2 of 10 (20%); Borrelia Burgdorferi sensulato (Bbsl)in 2 of 10 (20%); and Bartonella speciesin 3 of 10 (30%). In addition, 9 of 10 (90%) subjects had abnormal Cunningham Panels, which measures levels of antineuronal antibodies that have been associated with psychiatric disturbances. Given the degree of psychological dysfunction in these adolescents requiring intensive residential treatment, this case series lends support to the hypothesis that exposure to infectious agents may play a role, perhaps by autoimmune mechanisms, in the significant and ongoing rise in the rate of neuropsychiatric illness in adolescents. This preliminary report adds to this premise and requires further investigation.

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“…Western blotting (WB) has been used for the serodiagnosis of bartonelloses in humans; however, the utility of WB for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses has not been critically investigated. A study investigating the utility of B. henselae WB using serum samples from 92 human patients clinically suspected of cat scratch disease (CSD) documented a higher sensitivity of WB (53.5%) than of IFA (28.3%) (12). Investigators reported a 100% sensitivity of WB when it was used to diagnose blood culture-negative endocarditis in humans (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Bartonella henselae Western Immunoblotting for Serodiagnosis of Bartonelloses in Dogs

et al. 2020

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Bartonella spp. are etiological agents of life-threatening zoonotic diseases in dogs worldwide. Due to the poor sensitivity of immunofluorescent-antibody assays (IFAs), a reliable serodiagnostic test for canine bartonelloses is of clinical importance. The utility of Western blotting (WB) for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses has not been critically investigated. The objective of this study was to characterize WB immunodominant proteins that could be used to confirm a serodiagnosis of bartonelloses. Using agar-grown Bartonella henselae San Antonio type 2 (SA2) whole-cell proteins, sera derived from four dog groups were tested by WB to assess immunodominant protein recognition patterns: group I consisted of 92 serum samples (10 preexposure and 82 postexposure serum samples) from 10 adult beagles experimentally inoculated with Bartonella spp., group II consisted of 36 serum samples from Bartonella PCR-positive naturally infected dogs, group III consisted of 26 serum samples from Bartonella PCR-negative and IFA-negative dogs, and group IV consisted of serum samples from 8 Brucella canis IFA-positive and 10 Rickettsia rickettsii IFA-positive dogs. Following experimental inoculation, 9 (90%) group I dogs were variably seroreactive to one or more of six specific immunodominant proteins (13, 17, 29, 50, 56, and 150 kDa). There was a strong but variable recognition of these proteins among 81% of group II dogs. In contrast, 24/26 group III dogs were not reactive to any immunodominant protein. In this study, the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of B. henselae SA2 WB were higher than those of B. henselae SA2 IFA testing. Some B. henselae SA2 immunodominant proteins were recognized by dogs experimentally and naturally infected with Bartonella spp. other than B. henselae. Additional research is necessary to more fully define the utility of WB for the serodiagnosis of canine bartonelloses.

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Utility of Bartonella henselae IgM Western Blot Bands for Serodiagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Bartonella henselae Recombinant Pap31 for the Diagnosis of Canine and Human Bartonelloses

Bartonella henselae Recombinant Pap31 for the Diagnosis of Canine and Human Bartonelloses

Microbial Induced Autoimmune Inflammation as a Cause of Mental Illness in Adolescents: A Case Series

Validation of Bartonella henselae Western Immunoblotting for Serodiagnosis of Bartonelloses in Dogs

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