INTRODUCTIONThe dissection in breast surgeries can be done using sharp scalpel and scissor dissection and high frequency electrocautery. Rarely, radiofrequency ablation and laser had been used in some limited trails. Ultrascission dissection (harmonic scalpel) and tissue response generation (ligaSure) are just started to be used in this field.1 The various methods used for tissue dissection practiced by surgeons include, sharp scalpel and scissors in dense and hard tissues which is liable to injure vital structures. Energy devices used in surgery include monopolar cautery, bipolar cautrery, harmonic scalpel and ligasure. Monopolar cautery offers an energy source that is excellent for hemostasis of small blood vessels, easy to use during tissue dissection, rapid, accurate and cheap. The major disadvantages of electrocautery are the limitations of the size of vessels (<1mm) to be sealed and the risk of exit site burn injury. Monopolar cautery also produces a large degree of smoke, especially if the tissues are moist, and it is ineffective within a liquid pool.
2,3The harmonic scalpel is a recently emerging surgical instrument that converts electrical energy into high frequency (55,000 Hz) mechanical vibrations that allows intraoperative cutting and coagulation at the same time. The excursion of vibration increases with increased level of activity till it reaches 100 micrometers at level 5,
ABSTRACTBackground: The dissection in breast surgeries can be done using sharp scalpel and scissor dissection and high frequency electrocautery. Rarely, radiofrequency ablation and laser had been used in some limited trails. This study aims to prove the efficacy of harmonic scalpel over electrocautery in modified radical mastectomy operation. Methods: In this study, we included 40 patients with operable breast cancer. The patients were randomized into two equal groups by closed envelope technique to do modified radical mastectomy either using harmonic scalpel (group A) or using electrocautery (group B). The efficacy of two procedures were compared intraoperatively and postoperatively. The intraoperative parameters used were total time taken for surgery, time taken for axillary dissection, time for raising the flaps and time taken dissection of the breast tissue and the amount of blood loss. The post-operative parameters used were total drainage volume, days of drainage and seroma formation. Results: Our study showed use of harmonic sclalpel in modified radical mastectomy, resulted in reduction in total operating time (t= 4.037, p=0.00) as well as reduction in time taken for axillary dissection (t=3.66, p=0.001) and the amount of blood loss (t=3.02, p=0.00). The total drain volume (t=3.031, p=0.004) and the days of drainage (t=5.97, p=0.00) were also less with the harmonic scalpel dissection as compared to electrocautery. Conclusions: The use of harmonic scalpel in modified radical mastectomy shortens the operating time, axillary dissection time, amount of blood loss and drainage volume and drainage day and hence the hospital stay.