Utility of COI, CAD and morphological data for resolving relationships within the genus Sarcophaga (sensu lato) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): A preliminary study

Abstract

Dowton, M. (2013). Utility of COI, CAD and morphological data for resolving relationships within the genus Sarcophaga (sensu lato) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): a preliminary study. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 69 (1), 133-141. Utility of COI, CAD and morphological data for resolving relationships within the genus Sarcophaga (sensu lato) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae): a preliminary study AbstractCurrently there are ∼3000 known species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera), which are classified into 173 genera in three subfamilies. Almost 25% of sarcophagids belong to the genus Sarcophaga (sensu lato) however little is known about the validity of, and relationships between the ∼150 (or more) subgenera of Sarcophaga s.l. In this preliminary study, we evaluated the usefulness of three sources of data for resolving relationships between 35 species from 14 Sarcophaga s.l. subgenera: the mitochondrial COI barcode region, ∼800 bp of the nuclear gene CAD, and 110 morphological characters. Bayesian, maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses were performed on the combined dataset. Much of the tree was only supported by the Bayesian and ML analyses, with the MP tree poorly resolved. The genus Sarcophaga s.l. was resolved as monophyletic in both the Bayesian and ML analyses and strong support was obtained at the species-level. Notably, the only subgenus consistently resolved as monophyletic was Liopygia. The monophyly of and relationships between the remaining Sarcophaga s.l. subgenera sampled remain questionable. We suggest that future phylogenetic studies on the genus Sarcophaga s.l. use combined datasets for analyses. We also advocate the use of additional data and a range of inference strategies to assist with resolving relationships within Sarcophaga s.l. AbstractCurrently there are ~3,000 known species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera), which are classified into 173 genera in three subfamilies. Almost 25% of sarcophagids belong to the genus Sarcophaga (sensu lato) however little is known about the validity of, and relationships between the ~150 (or more) subgenera of Sarcophaga s.l. In this preliminary study, we evaluated the usefulness of three sources of data for resolving relationships between 35 species from 14 Sarcophaga s.l. subgenera: the mitochondrial COI barcode region, ~800 bp of the nuclear gene CAD, and 110 morphological characters. Bayesian, maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses were performed on the combined dataset.Much of the tree was only supported by the Bayesian and ML analyses, with the MP tree poorly resolved. The genus Sarcophaga s.l. was resolved as monophyletic in both the Bayesian and ML analyses and strong support was obtained at the species-level. Notably, the only subgenus consistently resolved as monophyletic was Liopygia. The monophyly of and relationships between the remaining Sarcophaga s.l. subgenera sampled remain questionable.We suggest that future phylogenetic studies on the genus Sarcophaga s.l. consider COI, 2" "CAD, and morphological data for analyses....

A large‐scale molecular phylogeny of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

“…Sarcorohdendorfia ), or polyphyletic as the species are scattered on various branches of the tree ( Lioproctia , Pandelleisca ). This is in agreement with current morphological and molecular evidence of nonmonophyly in particular for Sarcorohdendorfia and Lioproctia (Pape & Kurahashi, ; Meiklejohn et al , ). Noteworthy is also the position of species of subgenus Neobellieria within Sarcophaga s.l ., in a clade comprising most native North American species of Sarcophaga (except S. aldrichi Parker and S .…”

“…With node support values generally on the low side and the identities of several terminal taxa in need of verification, it can be difficult to assess when unexpected topologies are sufficiently reliable to warrant changes in the subgeneric classification. Sarcophaga alcicornis Hardy is placed in the subgenus Lioproctia by Pape () and Meiklejohn et al (), but was shown to be better corroborated as a member of subgenus Sarcorohdendorfia by Meiklejohn et al (). This finds support in our analysis and we have listed the species accordingly.…”

COI barcode versus morphological identification of Culex ( Culex ) (Diptera: Culicidae) species: a case study using samples from Argentina and Brazil

“…However, in the latter study, a multilocus barcode composed of COI and ITS2 resolved all species in a NJ tree and successfully identified all specimens to species using the BCM approach. The use of combined datasets, including both multilocus and morphological strategies for phylogenetic analyses is proposed in order to identify those species which remain unclear, as was suggested for other dipteran families, such as Muscidae ( Renaud et al 2012 ) and Sarcophagidae ( Meiklejohn et al 2013 ).…”

Molecular phylogeny of the hyperdiverse genusSarcophaga(Diptera: Sarcophagidae), and comparison between algorithms for identification of rogue taxa

“…Giroux et al., ; Piwczyński et al., ), these faunas have usually been treated separately (i.e. Stamper et al., ; Meiklejohn et al., ), or suffered from lack of data for Afrotropical species (i.e. Piwczyński et al., ).…”

“…In both these studies identification success was very high using the standard barcode region. Meiklejohn et al (2013) used molecular data from COI and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CAD) to study the phylogenetic relationships of mainly Australian species of Sarcophaga, revealing several conflicts between their molecular and morphological phylogenies.…”