Utility of constructed wetlands for treatment of hospital effluent and antibiotic resistant bacteria in resource limited settings: A case study in Ujjain, India

Parashar, Vivek; Singh, S. P.; Purohit, Manju; Tamhankar, Ashok J.; Singh, Dharmpal; Kalyanasundaram, Madhanraj; Lundborg, Cecilia Stålsby; Diwan, Vishal

doi:10.1002/wer.10783

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Vertical subsurface ow CWs offer favourable oxygen transfer conditions and encourage nitri cation 15 . Previous studies support the results by showing effective removal e ciency of CW systems in case of pathogens like coliform 13,16,17 and helminths eggs 4,18,19 along with reduction in BOD 13 , COD 8 , TDS 20 and TS 8 . Hybrid Imhoff tank and CW systems effectively removed total coliform and parasitic eggs by 99% from the wastewater, making the treated e uent t for irrigation purpose 5 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Assessment of pathogen removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland treating Septage

Singh

Upadhyay

Rani

et al. 2023

Preprint

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A laboratory-scale Constructed Wetland (CW) system consisting of a sludge drying bed and a vertical flow wetland bed was utilized for the treatment of septage, focusing on the reduction of microbial contamination (specifically total coliforms) and helminth eggs. The system had a total area of 0.99 m2. The sludge drying bed and vertical flow bed were filled with a combination of gravel with varying sizes (ranging from 5 to 40 mm) and washed sand. Canna indica plants were cultivated on both beds to facilitate phytoremediation processes. The average inlet loads of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were measured as 150 ± 65.7 g m-2 d-1, 713 ± 443.9 g m-2 d-1, and 309 ± 66.3 g m-2 d-1, respectively. After treatment, the final effluent had an average load of 6 g m-2 d-1 for BOD, 15 g m-2 d-1 for COD, and 51 g m-2 d-1 for TSS, indicating that the CW system achieved an average removal efficiency of 88% for BOD, 87% for COD, and 65% for TSS in the septage wastewater. The average influent load of total coliforms and helminth eggs was observed to be 4 x 108 Colony-Forming Units (CFU) m-2 d-1 and 3 x 107 eggs m-2 d-1, respectively. However, the CW system demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing microbial contamination, with an average removal efficiency of 99% for both total coliforms and helminth eggs. As a result, the total coliform and helminth egg loads in the effluent were reduced to 9 x 105 CFU m-2 d-1 and 1.6 x 104 eggs m-2 d-1, respectively.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Assessment of pathogen removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland treating Septage

Singh

Upadhyay

Rani

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The treated wastewater recycling becomes increasingly important and necessary due to increased climate change, droughts, and water scarcity (Eze et al, 2016), but at the same time, it is risky to use the recycled waters specially when it comes from health care establishments because it may pose serious health problems to the environment, human, and animals. Monitoring, therefore, becomes of utmost importance (Parashar et al, 2022) wherein quality of water can be checked at different times in a year and its toxicity testing should be done from time to time (Fahrenfeld et al, 2022). In this direction, Mathur et al, 2022 performed battery of bioassays to check the efficiency of the treatment plants installed at various health care establishments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring hospital effluents through physico‐chemical characterization and genotoxic testing

Mathur

Rani²,

Bhatnagar

2023

Water Environment Research

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Inefficient monitoring of the water resource recovery facility at various health care establishments may lead to detrimental effects on human population, especially when such water get mixed with potable municipal water supply. To ensure the efficiency and proper functioning of the water resource recovery facility and quality of water, before it being disposed of, the present study was conducted with the assessment of physico‐chemical parameters of water and its genotoxic and cytogenetic effects in mice. The sample water was given ad libitum to animals for three different time durations, that is, 7, 15, and 30 days. Bone marrow chromosomal aberration and bone marrow micronucleus (MN) assay were performed to get the extent of genotoxicity and cytogenicity. The results showed presence of chromosomal aberrations like fragments breaks and ring formation in different groups. Besides this, a significant (p < 0.05*, p < 0.01**, p < 0.001***) decrease in the mitotic index was noted in the group which was given 100% concentrated sample water for 30 days. A significant (p < 0.05*, p < 0.01**, p < 0.001***) increase in MN induction and decreased ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic erythrocytes were observed in groups which were given samples at 10% and 100% concentrations for longer durations. The findings suggest that even the recovered sample water reflects a positive in vivo genotoxic potential when given for a longer duration of 30 days, indicating some lacuna in the treatment process.

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“…Key advantages of vertical flow constructed wetlands for septage treatment includes compact footprints, enhanced nutrient removal, energy efficient and aesthetically pleasing systems. Along with this, vertical sub-surface flow (VSSF) constructed wetland systems (CW S ) are also widely accepted because of their better pathogens removal efficiency 8 , 9 , 13 and ability to offer favourable oxygen transfer conditions for nitrification of wastewater 14 . Nonetheless vertical flow systems are associated with the risks of clogging of the substrate over time, which may require periodic maintenance, and the need for appropriate pre-treatment to remove large solids and prevent clogging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study sought to treat septage utilizing a sludge drying bed (SDB) and vertical flow (VSSF) CW system. The treatment efficiency of the system was assessed through its potential for elimination of pathogens and organic contaminants from the septage 14 – 16 . Studies focusing on septage treatment with the help SDB-VSSF design are limited however few studies in the past focused on treatment of septage by utilizing VSSF or SDB separately but none of them used both of these systems altogether for removal of helminthes eggs and total coliform along with TDS, TSS, BOD 5 and COD 17 , 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of pathogen removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland treating septage

Singh,

Upadhyay,

Rani

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Septage refers to the semi-liquid waste material that accumulates in septic tanks and other onsite sanitation systems. It is composed of a complex mixture of human excreta, wastewater, and various solid particles. Septage is a potential source of water pollution owing to presence of high organic content, significant pathogen concentrations, and a range of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. The harmful impacts of septage pollution poses significant risks to public health through the contamination of drinking water sources, eutrophication of water bodies and spread of water borne diseases. Conventional septage treatment technologies often face limitations such as high operational costs, energy requirements, and the need for extensive infrastructure. Therefore, with an aim to treat septage through an alternative cost effective and energy-efficient technology, a laboratory-scale constructed wetland (CW) system (0.99 m2) consisting of a sludge drying bed and a vertical flow wetland bed was utilized for the treatment of septage. The sludge drying bed and vertical flow beds were connected in series and filled with a combination of gravel with varying sizes (ranging from 5 to 40 mm) and washed sand. Canna indica plants were cultivated on both beds to facilitate phytoremediation process. The system was operated with intermittent dosing of 30 Ltrs of septage every day for 2 months. The HRT of the system was fixed at 48 h. The average inlet loads of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were measured as 150 ± 65.7 g m−2 day−1, 713 ± 443.9 g m−2 day−1, and 309 ± 66.3 g m−2 day−1, respectively. After treatment, the final effluent had an average load of 6 g m−2 day−1 for BOD5, 15 g m−2 day−1 for COD, and 51 g m−2 day−1 for TSS, indicating that the CW system achieved an average removal efficiency of 88% for BOD, 87% for COD, and 65% for TSS. The average load of total coliforms and helminthes eggs in the influent was recorded as 4 × 108 Colony-Forming Units (CFU) m−2 day−1 and 3 × 107 eggs m−2 day−1, respectively. However, the CW system demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing microbial contamination, with an average removal efficiency of 99% for both total coliforms and helminthes eggs. The vertical flow constructed wetland system, equipped with pretreatment by sludge drying bed, has proven to be efficient in treatment of septage.

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Utility of constructed wetlands for treatment of hospital effluent and antibiotic resistant bacteria in resource limited settings: A case study in Ujjain, India

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Assessment of pathogen removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland treating Septage

Assessment of pathogen removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland treating Septage

Monitoring hospital effluents through physico‐chemical characterization and genotoxic testing

Assessment of pathogen removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland treating septage

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