Utility of flow cytometry in canine primary cutaneous and matched nodal mast cell tumor

Sulce, Majlind; Marconato, Laura; Martano, Marina; Iussich, Selina; Dentini, Alfredo; Melega, Maverick; Miniscalco, Barbara; Riondato, Fulvio

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.10.004

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Whether CD2 and/or CD25 surface marker expression can support the diagnosis of MCT in dogs remains uncertain. In initial studies, conflicting results were obtained with these markers and expression of CD25 has also been reported in non-neoplastic MCs in dogs (69)(70)(71).…”

Section: Established and Novel Diagnostic Parameters And Prognosticationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Canine Mast Cell Neoplasms: A Consensus Proposal

et al. 2021

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Mast cell neoplasms are one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in dogs. The clinical picture, course, and prognosis vary substantially among patients, depending on the anatomic site, grade and stage of the disease. The most frequently involved organ is the skin, followed by hematopoietic organs (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow) and mucosal sites of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. In cutaneous mast cell tumors, several grading and staging systems have been introduced. However, no comprehensive classification and no widely accepted diagnostic criteria have been proposed to date. To address these open issues and points we organized a Working Conference on canine mast cell neoplasms in Vienna in 2019. The outcomes of this meeting are summarized in this article. The proposed classification includes cutaneous mast cell tumors and their sub-variants defined by grading- and staging results, mucosal mast cell tumors, extracutaneous/extramucosal mast cell tumors without skin involvement, and mast cell leukemia (MCL). For each of these entities, diagnostic criteria are proposed. Moreover, we have refined grading and staging criteria for mast cell neoplasms in dogs based on consensus discussion. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should greatly facilitate diagnostic evaluation and prognostication in dogs with mast cell neoplasms and should thereby support management of these patients in daily practice and the conduct of clinical trials.

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Section: Established and Novel Diagnostic Parameters And Prognosticationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Canine Mast Cell Neoplasms: A Consensus Proposal

et al. 2021

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“…It is possible that biopsies may provide meaningful information to clarify the likelihood of metastasis; however, this adds a layer of risk to the dog and is not standard practice. Alternatively, additional work needs to be done to improve detection of neoplastic vs reactive mast cells; IHC (eg, CD25) and/or molecular testing (eg, c-kit mutational status) may have promise if validated in the dog as reliable markers [63][64][65]. Because an association with outcome was detected in our population, it suggests that in dogs with high-risk MCTs, at least a proportion of dogs have metastatic mast cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high‐risk mast cell tumours

Pecceu

Varela

Handel

et al. 2020

Vet Comparative Oncology

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Conflicting evidence exists regarding the importance of routine abdominal ultrasound (US) with hepatic and splenic fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology during staging of canine mast cell tumours (MCT). The objective of this study was to correlate ultrasonographic and cytologic findings in dogs with strictly defined high-risk MCTs and to determine the influence on outcome. Our hypothesis was that US poorly predicts visceral metastasis in high-risk MCTs and that early metastasis is associated with improved outcome when compared to overt metastasis. US of liver and spleen correlated to cytologic results, categorized as no metastasis, early metastasis or overt metastasis. Of 82 dogs prospectively enrolled, 18% had early visceral metastasis and 7% had overt metastasis on cytology; 67% with visceral metastasis had regional LN metastasis. US was a poor predictor of metastasis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the spleen of 67%, 68%, 21% and 94%, respectively and for the liver of 29%, 93%, 56% and 82%, respectively. Median time to progression (TTP) for dogs with no metastasis, early metastasis and overt metastasis was not reached, 305 and 69 days, respectively (P < .001). Median survival time (MST) for the 3 groups were not reached, 322 and 81 days, respectively (P < .001). High Patnaik or Kiupel grade, early metastasis, overt metastasis and adequate local control were significantly associated with outcome. Early visceral metastasis was associated with poorer outcome compared to dogs without metastasis, however, a subset of dogs experienced long-term control.

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“…10 The authors speculated that the immunophenotype abnormalities observed might be useful for confirming the neoplastic nature of such mast cells, but the clinical significance of the atypical antigen expression remained to be investigated. 10 We are not aware of any published flow cytometric study in dogs with mastocytemia; therefore, microscopy is still the only tool available when an abnormal cell population is detected on scattergrams.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case of mastocytemia and systemic mastocytosis in a dog:ProCyteDx and SysmexXT‐2000i scattergram findings, morphologic features, and c‐kit somatic mutation analysis

Palić

Heier

Acke

et al. 2023

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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A 10‐year‐old female Golden Retriever was presented for a recheck after the complete removal of low‐grade complex mammary carcinoma. The in‐house ProCyte Dx automated counts revealed moderate regenerative anemia and moderate eosinophilia. The ProCyte Dx WBC scattergram showed a cloud in an unusual place parallel and to the right of the monocyte dot plot location. Cells were classified as either monocytes or neutrophils with no clear separation. Complete blood count analysis performed in the laboratory on a Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzer showed moderate regenerative anemia and WBC count within RI; a differential count was not provided by the instrument. On the Sysmex XT‐2000iV DIFF scattergram, neutrophil and eosinophil dot plots were present at the respective locations and appeared separated, but the instrument did not provide numerical results. In addition to the normal lymphocyte dot plot location, the second cloud of cells classified as lymphocytes was displayed to the right of the monocyte dot plot area. On the WBC/BASO scattergram, the second population of cells was present above and to the right of the leukocyte cluster. Morphologic assessment of the blood smear detected mastocytemia with 16% poorly granulated and degranulated mast cells. FNAs from the liver and spleen contained large aggregates of poorly granulated mast cells. C‐kit somatic mutation screening detected the presence of point mutation S479I in exon 9 of the canine c‐KIT gene. This is the first description of abnormal scattergrams from ProCyte Dx and Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzers in a dog with concurrent mastocytemia and systemic mastocytosis, and where cytologic assessments of a blood smear, liver, and spleen, and c‐kit somatic mutation analysis were performed.

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Utility of flow cytometry in canine primary cutaneous and matched nodal mast cell tumor

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Canine Mast Cell Neoplasms: A Consensus Proposal

Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Canine Mast Cell Neoplasms: A Consensus Proposal

Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high‐risk mast cell tumours

Case of mastocytemia and systemic mastocytosis in a dog:ProCyteDx and SysmexXT‐2000i scattergram findings, morphologic features, and c‐kit somatic mutation analysis

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