Utility of light-emitting diode microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infected patients

Bhadade, Arati; Mehta, Preeti; Kanade, Swapna; Nataraj, Gita

doi:10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.01.002

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In addition to materials that would yield better efficiency, the table contains multiple LED components enabling better performance, such as misorientation in LED manufacturing (Nakamura et al 2008) or microball lenses (Kim et al 2013). Table 7 also highlights application areas of LEDs, such as LEDs in microscopy (Bhadade et al 2015) and communication (Farshchi et al 2011).…”

Section: Term Count Based Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating technological emergence using text analytics: two case technologies and three approaches

et al. 2019

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Scientometric methods have long been used to identify technological trajectories, but we have seldom seen reproducible methods that allow for the identification of a technological emergence in a set of documents. This study evaluates the use of three different reproducible approaches for identifying the emergence of technological novelties in scientific publications. The selected approaches are term counting technique, the emergence score (EScore) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). We found that the methods provide somewhat distinct perspectives on technological. The term count based method identifies detailed emergence patterns. EScore is a complex bibliometric indicator that provides a holistic view of emergence by considering several parameters, namely term frequency, size, and origin of the research community. LDA traces emergence at the thematic level and provides insights on the linkages between emerging research topics. The results suggest that term counting produces results practical for operational purposes, while LDA offers insight at a strategic level.

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Section: Term Count Based Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating technological emergence using text analytics: two case technologies and three approaches

et al. 2019

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“…Similar results have been reported by different investigators. 16 , 24 Possible explanations for increased sensitivity of LED-FM may be because of a stronger affinity of Auramine than carbol-fuchsin to mycolic acid. With LED-FM, slides can be examined at a lower magnification, thus allowing quick examination, which would favour increased sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slightly lower or comparable specificity of LED-FM compared with conventional ZN microscopy has been reported in previous studies. 16 , 25 On certain occasions, Auramine O can stain cellular debris or other artefacts and may lead to false positive LED-FM results. On the other hand, negative culture results of these 10 cases may be due to over-decontamination of specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LED-FM increases the sensitivity of smear microscopy because of the fact that slides can be examined at a lower magnification, allowing the examination of a much larger area per unit of time. 12 , 13 , 16 This is particularly important in high tuberculosis burden and workload countries such as Ethiopia, where technicians spend much of their time on examining smears. There is limited data on the diagnostic performance of LED-FM in bleach-treated and concentrated sputum specimens, particularly paucibacillary samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorescence microscopy for the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia

2020

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Background: Despite its low sensitivity, microscopy remains the main method for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in most laboratories in Ethiopia. Few studies have evaluated the performance of light-emitting diode fluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) in bleach-concentrated smear-negative sputum specimens.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of LED-FM for smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia.Methods: A total of 194 adult patients with a cough lasting for more than two weeks, and who had three direct smear-negative sputum tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen light microscopy, were included. All direct Ziehl-Neelsen-stained smear-negative sputum samples were cultured and were also visualised by LED-FM. Smears for LED-FM were performed from bleach-concentrated sputum sediment. The diagnostic performance of the LED-FM was compared to the culture method (the reference standard).Results: Of the 194 smear-negative sputum specimens analysed, 28 (14.4%) were culture-positive and 21 (10.8%) were LED-FM-positive for M. tuberculosis. However, only 11 of the 21 (52.4%) LED-FM-positive patients had a confirmed tuberculosis diagnosis by culture. Light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy (FM) had a sensitivity of 39.3% (95% confidence interval: 21.2–57.4) and specificity of 93.9% (95% confidence interval: 90.4–97.6). Ten LED-FM-positive specimens were culture-negative, and all of these specimens had scanty grading (1–19 bacilli per 40 fields on LED-FM).Conclusion: This study showed that implementation of LED-FM on bleach pre-treated and concentrated sputum can significantly improve the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. However, all scanty grade, positive smears by LED-FM need to be confirmed by reference culture method.

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“…All sputum samples underwent fluorescent staining and were then examined using LED-FM (Zeiss Primo Star, Germany) according to Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) guidelines. 8 Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CB-NAAT), GeneXpert MTB/Rif (Cepheid, USA), was performed on all sputum samples. The Determine TB LAM test was performed by applying 60 µL of fresh urine to the sample pad.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study to evaluate urine LAM assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among non-HIV patients

et al. 2020

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There is a great need to improve diagnostic tools for tuberculosis where the majority are without HIV co-infection in resource-poor settings and high-burden areas such as India. The urine LAM assay has not hitherto been studied and may have a role to play. Our study found that, as a stand-alone diagnostic tool, the assay was suboptimal when compared to Xpert MTB/Rif. However, a combination of LAM assay along with sputum microscopy may be useful in settings where molecular testing is unavailable.

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Utility of light-emitting diode microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infected patients

Abstract: LED-FM can be a good screening test for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV-infected patients. However, all scanty grade positive smears need to be confirmed by WHO approved gold standard.

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Evaluating technological emergence using text analytics: two case technologies and three approaches

Evaluating technological emergence using text analytics: two case technologies and three approaches

Fluorescence microscopy for the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia

A pilot study to evaluate urine LAM assay for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among non-HIV patients

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