Utility of Nutraceutical Products Marketed for Cognitive and Memory Enhancement

McDougall, Graham J.; Austin-Wells, Vonnette; Zimmerman, Teena

doi:10.1177/0898010105280097

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The main categories of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements are vitamins, minerals, herbal medicines, probiotics, n -3 PUFA, antioxidants and polyphenol supplements. Some of the claims include memory enhancement ( 31 ) , maintenance of memory function ( 31 ) , and protection from cell degeneration ( 32 ) , whereas others suggest that nutraceuticals exhibit beneficial outcomes in certain conditions such as AD ( 33 ) . Nevertheless, the perception of efficacy in relation to the scientific literature available requires a systematic analysis and assessment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of long-term nutraceutical and dietary supplement use on cognition in the elderly: a 10-year systematic review of randomised controlled trials

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nutraceuticals have generated interest as a way to mitigate the cognitive decline in older adults. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the evidence for these claims from the scientific literature in randomised, double-blinded, controlled trials (duration: ≥1 year; participants: n≥100; age(mean): ≥65 years). Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science) and identified twenty-five studies published between the 15·June·2006 and 14·June·2016. Interventions included B-vitamins, n-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins and herbs. Of the B-vitamin studies, four found benefits to cognition with supplementation. The first of these B-vitamin studies, in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (n 266; duration=2 years), included benefit to executive function (P=0·015) and improvements in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) among participants with baseline homocysteine above 11·3 µmol/l (P<0·001). In the same sample, the second study found cognitive benefits of B-vitamins dependent on the higher baseline plasma n-3 fatty acid status. The third B-vitamin study (n 900; duration=2 years) reported improved performance in immediate (P=0·046) and delayed recall (P=0·013), whereas the fourth study (n 856; duration=2 years) reported slower rate of cognitive decline in the MMSE (P=0·05). One study investigating DHA treatment (n 402; duration=1·5 years) revealed the slower rate of cognitive change in apoE e4 non-carriers (P=0·03). As only five included studies revealed notable benefits, presently based on the specific compounds explored here, there is not compelling evidence to support the use nutraceuticals to improve cognition in the elderly. Future long-term trials of nutraceuticals should investigate interactions with lifestyle, blood biomarkers and genetic risk factors.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of long-term nutraceutical and dietary supplement use on cognition in the elderly: a 10-year systematic review of randomised controlled trials

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Disturbances in glutamate and glutathione metabolism can lead to a series of neurologic phenotypes, including developmental delay, ataxia, seizures, and intellectual disability [ 35 ]. Moreover, 5-oxoproline was also developed and sold as an over-the-counter “smart drug” for cognitive and memory improvement [ 36 , 37 ]. However, it was also demonstrated that metabolic acidosis could be caused by excessive 5-oxoproline generation, with multiple adverse effects on many organ systems [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence: a Mendelian randomization study

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2021

Mol Brain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intelligence predicts important life and health outcomes, but the biological mechanisms underlying differences in intelligence are not yet understood. The use of genetically determined metabotypes (GDMs) to understand the role of genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions, in human complex traits has been recently proposed. However, this strategy has not been applied to human intelligence. Here we implemented a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using GDMs to assess the causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence. The standard inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used for the primary MR analysis and three additional MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO) were used for sensitivity analyses. Using 25 genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs), our study found that 5-oxoproline was associated with better performance in human intelligence tests (PIVW = 9.25 × 10–5). The causal relationship was robust when sensitivity analyses were applied (PMR-Egger = 0.0001, PWeighted median = 6.29 × 10–6, PMR-PRESSO = 0.0007), and repeated analysis yielded consistent result (PIVW = 0.0087). Similarly, also dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6) and p-acetamidophenylglucuronide showed robust association with intelligence. Our study provides novel insight by integrating genomics and metabolomics to estimate causal effects of genetically determined metabolites on human intelligence, which help to understanding of the biological mechanisms related to human intelligence.

show abstract

“…Disturbances in glutamate and glutathione metabolism can lead to a series of neurologic phenotypes, including developmental delay, ataxia, seizures, and intellectual disability [34]. Moreover, 5-oxoproline was also developed and sold as an over-the-counter "smart drug" for cognitive and memory improvement [35,36]. However, it was also demonstrated that metabolic acidosis could be caused by excessive 5-oxoproline generation, with multiple adverse effects on many organ systems [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence: A Mendelian randomization study

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intelligence predicts important life and health outcomes, but the biological mechanisms underlying differences in intelligence are not yet understood. The use of genetically determined metabotypes (GDMs) to understand the role of genetic and environmental factors, and their interactions, in human complex traits has been recently proposed. However, this strategy has not been applied to human intelligence. Here we implemented a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using GDMs to assess the causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence. The standard inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used for the primary MR analysis and three additional MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO) were used for sensitivity analyses. Using 25 genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs), our study found that 5-oxoproline was associated with better performance in human intelligence tests (P IVW = 9 · 25×10 -5 ). The causal relationship was robust when sensitivity analyses were applied (P MR-Egger = 0 · 0001, P Weighted median = 6 · 29×10 -6 , P MR-PRESSO = 0 · 0007), and no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was observed. Similarly, also dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6) and p-acetamidophenylglucuronide showed robust association with intelligence. Our study provides novel insight by integrating genomics and metabolomics to estimate causal effects of genetically determined metabolites on human intelligence, which help to understanding of the biological mechanisms related to human intelligence.

show abstract

Utility of Nutraceutical Products Marketed for Cognitive and Memory Enhancement

Cited by 13 publications

References 59 publications

Effect of long-term nutraceutical and dietary supplement use on cognition in the elderly: a 10-year systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Effect of long-term nutraceutical and dietary supplement use on cognition in the elderly: a 10-year systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence: a Mendelian randomization study

Causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence: A Mendelian randomization study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About