Utility of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Identifying Respiratory Bacteria Causing Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Demars, Yoris; Brahier, Thomas; Rotzinger, David C.; Brouillet, René; Jaton, Katia; Opota, Onya; Boillat‐Blanco, Noémie

doi:10.1128/spectrum.00379-22

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…HI was the most frequently isolated bacterium both in NPAs and BALFs, with positive rates of 7.3% (15/204) and 5.8% (12/ 204), respectively. Other common detected bacteria including SP, SA, PA and MC were also found [3,6,9,13]. Such results were consistent with similar reports from Xiamen and other parts of the country [24,25].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…BALFs collected by flexible bronchoscope are ideal samples for identifing pulmonary etiology, but few cases expericed such an invasive procedure [3][4][5]. Prior to obtaining the etiological results from BALFs, clinical empiric anti-infection treatments usually rely on the findings from other samples, including NPAs collected from upper respiratory tracts [6][7][8]. Whether the detection results of upper respiratory tract samples could not reflect the pathogens in the lungs, caused the clinicians fail to prescribe appropriate antibiotics and led to the diseases progress was unknown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nasopharyngeal aspirates in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia collected within 3 days before bronchoscopy can partially reflect the pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background There is little evidence about consistency between nasopharyngeal and pulmonary pathogens in children with severe pneumonia. This study aims to compare the difference of pathogens between nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) collected before bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP). Methods NPAs and BALFs were collected form pediatric SCAP cases hospitalized from January 2018 to March 2019. NPAs were colleced within 3 days before bronchoscopy. Samples were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) for seven respiratory viruses and by routine bacterial culture in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Adenovirus (ADV), Influenza virus types A, B (IV-A and IV-B), Parainfluenza virus 1–3 (PIV1-3) were detected with a commercial assay. The virological and bacteriological detention results of NPAs were compared with the results of BALFs. Results In total 204 cases with mean age of 3.4 ± 2.8 years (IQR, 1 month-14 years) were included in the study. Both NPA and BALF were collected from those cases. The positive rates of pathogen in NPAs and BALFs were 25.0% (51/204) and 36.7% (75/204), respectively (x2 = 6.614, P = 0.010). Respiratory viruses were found in 16.1% (33/204) from NPAs and 32.3% (66/204) from BALFs (x2 = 14.524, P < 0.001). RSV and ADV were the two most frequent detected viruses in NPAs and BALFs. High consistentcy of pathogens between NPAs and BALFs was observed, and 96.9% (32/33) viruses detected in NPAs were also found in BALFs. While bacteria were isolated from 12.7% (26/204) and 10.7% (22/204) of the two kinds of samples, respectively (x2 = 0.378, P = 0.539). In addition, Haemophilus influenzae (HI) was the dominant germ in both samples. Conclusion The DFA method used to detect seven respiratory viruses from NPAs collected within 3 days before bronchoscopy can partially reflect the pathogens in the lungs in children with SCAP.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal aspirates in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia collected within 3 days before bronchoscopy can partially reflect the pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2022

BMC Infect Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Haemophilus influenzae was identified in 84 cases (16%) and emerged as the second most detected pathogen. Results from other studies show considerable variation, ranging from almost absent with detection rates ≤5% (11, 12) to recent studies where H. influenzae was identified as the predominant bacterial etiology with detection rates of 16-40% (5,6). However, it is important to note that earlier studies did not include DNA detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Exploring the microbial landscape: uncovering the pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients

Hansen,

Yamba Yamba,

Wasserstrom

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the etiology, clinical features, and outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. Understanding the causative pathogens is essential for effective treatment and prevention.DesignBetween 2016–2018, 518 hospitalized adults with CAP and 241 controls without symptoms were prospectively enrolled. Urine samples were collected for pneumococcal urinary antigen tests and nasopharyngeal swabs for viral and bacterial analysis, combined with routine diagnostic care.ResultsAmong the included CAP patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen, detected in 28% of patients, followed by Haemophilus influenzae in 16%. Viruses were identified in 28%, and concurrent viruses and bacteria were detected in 15%. There was no difference in mortality, length of stay, or symptoms at hospitalization when comparing patients with bacterial, viral, or mixed etiologies. Among the control subjects without respiratory symptoms, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis were detected in 5–7%, and viruses in 7%.ConclusionStreptococcus pneumoniae emerged as the predominant cause of CAP, followed closely by viruses and H. influenzae. Intriguingly, symptoms and outcome were similar regardless of etiology. These findings highlight the complexity of this respiratory infection and emphasize the importance of comprehensive diagnostic and treatment strategies.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier [NCT03606135].

show abstract

“…Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of pCAP in older adults are thus paramount to improve outcomes and reduce morbidity and mortality [18]. Pneumococcal CAP should always be suspected in older adults, especially those with atypical symptoms or underlying comorbidities, and prompt initiation of empiric antibiotic therapy according to the local guidelines is crucial while awaiting diagnostic confirmation [19][20][21].…”

Section: Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, age-related immunosenescence may blunt the typical inflammatory response seen in younger patients, making clinical and radiological findings less pronounced. These diagnostic challenges underscore the importance of a comprehensive evaluation that includes clinical, radiological and microbiological assessments, such as chest radiographs and sputum cultures, to establish an accurate diagnosis of pCAP [17,18].…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in older adults: a narrative review

Elias,

Nunes,

Saadatian-Elahi

2024

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of review This review covers updated perspectives on different aspects of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP), including the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, antibiotic treatment, and existing preventive strategies in older adults. Recent findings pCAP remains the most prevalent condition among lower respiratory tract infections in the older adults according to Global Burden of Diseases 2019. Older adults can display atypical symptoms such as confusion, general clinical deterioration, new onset of and exacerbation of underlying illness that might trigger clinical suspicion of pCAP. Older adults with pCAP often experience increased disease severity and a higher risk of pulmonary complications compared with younger individuals, owing to age-related changes in immunity and a higher prevalence of comorbidities. Vaccination stands fundamental for prevention, emphasizing the need for effective immunization strategies, specifically tailored for older adults. There is a pressing need to reinforce efforts aimed at boosting pneumococcal vaccination rates. Summary Despite a high morbidity and mortality, the burden of pCAP, in particular hospital admission and occurrence of invasive infections, among the elderly population is not sufficiently documented. This review findings emphasize the substantial burden of pCAP in this vulnerable population, driven by factors such as advancing age and underlying comorbidities. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains further complicates treatment decisions and highlights the importance of tailored approaches for managing pCAP in older adults.

show abstract

Utility of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Identifying Respiratory Bacteria Causing Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Nasopharyngeal aspirates in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia collected within 3 days before bronchoscopy can partially reflect the pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids

Nasopharyngeal aspirates in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia collected within 3 days before bronchoscopy can partially reflect the pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids

Exploring the microbial landscape: uncovering the pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients

Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in older adults: a narrative review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About