Utility of S-100B as a Potential Tool for Neuromonitoring and Prediction of Neuroworsening in Acute Phase of Traumatic Brain Injury

Rodríguez, Alexander; Cervera, Eliana; Macchia, Gigliola; Mendoza, Xilene; Martínez, Walter; Pérez, Osmar; San-Juan, Homero; Villalba, Pedro

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1288

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Following a TBI, S100B is released from damaged nerve cells into the bloodstream by passing through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which could be disrupted after head primary injury [ 6 ]. The clinical significance of S100B depends on the type and severity of the brain damage [ 7 ]. Various cutoff values of S100B have been proposed for identifying brain injury [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cutoff level of 100pg/mL [ 9 ] has been used in the mild TBI to discard the presence of intracranial hemorrhages in the CT scans, and values closer to 30 pg/mL have been reported as an indicator of BBB permeability even with no associated symptoms [ 10 ]. Likewise, patients with moderate to severe TBI could display higher serum/plasmatic S100B levels in the order of ng/mL, which correlates to intracranial hypertension, neurological worsening, and poor response to treatment [ 7 ]. In the clinical context, the measurement of biomarkers such as S100B demands a technique that is easy to use, readily available, low-cost, and with a rapid response time, ideally at the Point-of-Care (POC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TBISTAT: An open-source, wireless portable, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy capable potentiostat for the point-of-care detection of S100B in plasma samples

et al. 2022

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Point-of-Care (POC) testing for biomarker detection demands techniques that are easy to use, readily available, low-cost, and with rapid response times. This paper describes the development of a fully open-source, modular, wireless, battery-powered, smartphone-controlled, low-cost potentiostat capable of conducting electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for the electrochemical detection of the S100B protein captured in an ANTI-S100B functionalized thin-film gold interdigitated electrode platform to support traumatic brain injury diagnosis and treatment. EIS results from the developed potentiostat were validated with a commercial benchtop potentiostat by comparing impedance magnitude and phase values along the EIS frequency range. In addition, an experimental design was performed for detecting S100B in spiked human plasma samples with S100B concentrations of clinical utility, and a calibration curve was found for quantifying S100B detection. No statistically significant differences were found between EIS results from the developed potentiostat and the commercial potentiostat. Statistically significant differences in the changes in charge transfer resistance signal between each tested S100B concentration (p < 0.05) were found, with a limit of detection of 35.73 pg/mL. The modularity of the proposed potentiostat allows easier component changes according to the application demands in power, frequency excitation ranges, wireless communication protocol, signal amplification and transduction, precision, and sampling frequency of ADC, among others, when compared to state-of-the-art open-source EIS potentiostats. In addition, the use of minimal, easy acquirable open-source hardware and software, high-level filtering, accurate ADC, Fast Fourier Transform with low spectral leakage, wireless communication, and the simple user interface provides a framework for facilitating EIS analysis and developing new affordable instrumentation for POC biosensors integrated systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TBISTAT: An open-source, wireless portable, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy capable potentiostat for the point-of-care detection of S100B in plasma samples

et al. 2022

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“…Amongst a variety of biomarkers of CBI, the serum levels of S-100B reflects the degree of posttraumatic brain damage (10,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). S-100B is secreted primarily by astrocytes in the cerebral cortex (31,32) and is present in large quantities in astroglial cells (33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury

et al. 2022

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Craniocerebral injury (CBI) is tissue damage caused by a sudden mechanical force. CBI can result in neurological, neuropsychological and psychiatric dysfunctions. Currently, the severity of CBI is assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale, brain perfusion pressure measurements, transcranial Doppler tests and biochemical markers. This study aimed to determine the applicability of the S-100B protein levels and the time-averaged mean maximum cerebral blood flow velocity (V mean ) as a means of predicting the treatment outcomes of CBI in the first 4 days of hospitalization. The results validated the standard reference ranges previously proposed for the concentration of S-100B (0.05-0.23 µg/l) and the mean of cerebral blood flow velocity (30.9 to 74.1 cm/sec). The following stratification scheme was used to predict the success of treatment: Patients with a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score ≥4 or GOS <4 were stratified into 'favorable' and 'unfavorable' groups, respectively. The favorable group showed relatively constant levels of the S-100B protein close to the normal range and exhibited an increase in V mean , but this was still within the normal range. The unfavorable group exhibited a high level of S-100B protein and increased V mean outside of the normal ranges. The changes in the levels of S-100B in the unfavorable and favorable groups were -0.03 and -0.006 mg/l/h, respectively. Furthermore, the rate of decrease in the V mean value in the unfavorable and favorable groups were -0.26 and -0.18 cm/sec/h, respectively. This study showed that constant levels of S-100B protein, even slightly above the normal range, associated with an increase in V mean was indicative of a positive therapeutic outcome. However, additional research is required to obtain the appropriate statistical strength required for clinical practice.

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“…In this sense, the clinical significance of the S100B detection range depends on the type and severity of the brain damage [ 16 ]. Various cutoff values of S100B have been proposed for identifying brain injury [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereby, a cutoff level of 100 pg/mL [ 18 ] has been used in the mild TBI to discard the presence of intracranial hemorrhages in the computed tomography (CT), and values close to 30 pg/mL have been reported as an indicator of BBB permeability even with no associated symptoms [ 19 ]. Likewise, patients with moderate to severe TBI could display higher serum/plasmatic S100B levels in the order of ng/mL that correlates with intracranial hypertension, neurological worsening, and poor response to treatment [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Quantification of S100B at Clinically Relevant Levels Using a Cysteamine Modified Surface

Rodríguez

Burgos-Flórez

Posada

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Neuronal damage secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a rapidly evolving condition, which requires therapeutic decisions based on the timely identification of clinical deterioration. Changes in S100B biomarker levels are associated with TBI severity and patient outcome. The S100B quantification is often difficult since standard immunoassays are time-consuming, costly, and require extensive expertise. A zero-length cross-linking approach on a cysteamine self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was performed to immobilize anti-S100B monoclonal antibodies onto both planar (AuEs) and interdigitated (AuIDEs) gold electrodes via carbonyl-bond. Surface characterization was performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and specular-reflectance FTIR for each functionalization step. Biosensor response was studied using the change in charge-transfer resistance (Rct) from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in potassium ferrocyanide, with [S100B] ranging 10–1000 pg/mL. A single-frequency analysis for capacitances was also performed in AuIDEs. Full factorial designs were applied to assess biosensor sensitivity, specificity, and limit-of-detection (LOD). Higher Rct values were found with increased S100B concentration in both platforms. LODs were 18 pg/mL(AuES) and 6 pg/mL(AuIDEs). AuIDEs provide a simpler manufacturing protocol, with reduced fabrication time and possibly costs, simpler electrochemical response analysis, and could be used for single-frequency analysis for monitoring capacitance changes related to S100B levels.

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Utility of S-100B as a Potential Tool for Neuromonitoring and Prediction of Neuroworsening in Acute Phase of Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

TBISTAT: An open-source, wireless portable, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy capable potentiostat for the point-of-care detection of S100B in plasma samples

TBISTAT: An open-source, wireless portable, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy capable potentiostat for the point-of-care detection of S100B in plasma samples

Prognostic properties of the association between the S‑100B protein levels and the mean cerebral blood flow velocity in patients diagnosed with severe traumatic brain injury

Electrochemical Immunosensor for the Quantification of S100B at Clinically Relevant Levels Using a Cysteamine Modified Surface

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