Utility of Serum Thymidine Kinase Activity Measurements for Cases of Bovine Leukosis with Difficult Clinical Diagnoses

Tawfeeq, Mohammad Monir; Miura, Saori; Horiuchi, Noriyuki; Kobayashi, Yoshiyasu; Furuoka, Hidefumi; Inokuma, Hisashi

doi:10.1292/jvms.12-0572

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The results of the ROC curve analysis in this study revealed the high accuracy of TK in detecting EBL cattle. Although the methods of measuring TK were different, these results were consistent with those of a previous study that reported the utility of TK for EBL cattle detection [6]. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit used for measuring TK activity values in this study is accessible, easy to use, and is thus suitable for diagnostic purposes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The activity values of these enzymes also reflect cancers other than EBL and inflammation. Tawfeeq et al investigated TK activity values in cattle with tumors other than EBL and inflammatory diseases and showed that 15.3% (2/13) of cattle with other tumors and 21.4% (4/14) of cattle with inflammatory diseases had higher activity values than their cut-off point [6]. Our preliminary investigations using 73 cattle affected by diseases other than EBL (pericarditis, pneumonia, mastitis, milk fever, abomasal displacement, hepatitis, arthritis, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies conducted by Ikeda et al and Konnai et al highlighted the possibility of different gene expression patterns of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) between EBL cattle and non-EBL cattle [4, 5]. Tawfeeq et al reported the utility of serum thymidine kinase (TK) activity in the diagnosis of EBL [6]. Somura et al reported the possibility of using the proviral load (PVL) in lymph nodes for the diagnosis of EBL [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous evaluation of diagnostic marker utility for enzootic bovine leukosis

Konishi

Kobayashi

Tokunaga³

et al. 2019

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundEnzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a disease of cattle caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV). More than 60% of BLV-infected cattle remain subclinical and are thus referred to as aleukemic (AL) cattle. Approximately 30% of infected cattle show a relatively stable increase in the number of B lymphocytes; these cattle are termed persistent lymphocytosis (PL) cattle. A small percentage of infected cattle develop BLV-induced B cell lymphoma (EBL) and are called EBL cattle. Due to the increase in the number of BLV-infected cattle, the number of EBL cattle has featured a corresponding increase over recent years in Japan. Several diagnostic criteria for EBL (e.g., enlarged superficial lymph nodes, protrusion of the eye, increased peripheral blood lymphocyte, etc.) are used for on-farm diagnosis and antemortem tests at slaughterhouses. Since the slaughter of EBL cattle for human consumption is not allowed, on-farm detection of EBL cattle is important for reducing the economic loss incurred by farms. Therefore, establishing new diagnostic markers to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the antemortem detection of EBL cattle is a critical, unmet need. To simultaneously evaluate the utility of candidate markers, this study measured the values of each marker using the blood samples of 687 cattle with various clinical statuses of BLV infection (EBL, PL, AL and non-infected cattle).ResultsSensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were highest for the serum thymidine kinase (TK) followed by the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme 2. The number of peripheral blood lymphocytes and proviral load in peripheral blood had the lowest Se and Sp. The values of all markers other than TK were influenced by the sex of the tested cattle.ConclusionsAlthough tLDH and its isozymes (LDHs) may be influenced by the sex of the tested cattle, the high accuracy of TK and LDH2 as well as accessibility and simplicity of the protocol used to measure these enzymes recommend the utility of TK and LDHs for EBL cattle detection. Using these markers for screening followed by the application of existing diagnostic criteria may improve the efficiency and accuracy of EBL cattle detection on farms, thereby contributing to the reduction of economic losses in farms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous evaluation of diagnostic marker utility for enzootic bovine leukosis

Konishi

Kobayashi

Tokunaga³

et al. 2019

BMC Vet Res

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“…12,14 Thymidine kinase activity was also increased (10.4 U/L; RI: <5.4 U/L). 24,28 A serum ELISA to detect antibodies against BLV was positive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disseminated thymic B-cell lymphoma in a Holstein heifer

et al. 2019

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A 19-mo-old Holstein heifer was inactive and dyspneic. Physical examination revealed wheezing, exophthalmos, a cervical mass, and lymphadenopathy. Cytology of the cervical mass and lymph nodes showed predominantly large atypical lymphocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase and thymidine kinase activities were elevated. Although nested PCR for bovine leukemia virus (BLV) using blood was positive, quantitative PCR showed a low number of provirus copies. Autopsy revealed enlargement of most lymph nodes examined, as well as white masses of various sizes in muscles of the left hindlimb and thoracic and abdominal organs. Histopathology revealed severe infiltration with neoplastic lymphocytes in these organs. The cervical mass was immune-positive for B-cell markers. The final diagnosis was thymic B-cell lymphoma with BLV infection.

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“…Recently, more reliable markers for diagnosing EBL onset have been reported. For example, serum thymidine kinase (TK) activity is a potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of EBL, but requires a radioimmunoassay test [ 13 , 17 ]. Expression of certain genes, such as interleukin 2 receptor and Wilms’ tumor genes, in peripheral blood may also be candidate clinical markers for malignancy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA as a malignant marker in two enzootic bovine leukosis cases with difficult clinical diagnosis

Miura

Horiuchi

Matsumoto

et al. 2015

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral DNA into bovine genomes was detected in peripheral blood from two clinical cases of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) without enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. A BLV-specific probe hybridized with 1 to 3 EcoRI and HindIII fragments in these 2 atypical EBL cattle by Southern blotting and hybridization, as well as in 3 typical EBL cattle. The probe also hybridized to a large number of EcoRI and HindIII fragments in 5 cattle with persistent leukosis. These results suggest that the detection of monoclonal integration of BLV provirus into the host genome may serve as a marker of monoclonal proliferation and malignancy in difficult to diagnose EBL cattle.

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Utility of Serum Thymidine Kinase Activity Measurements for Cases of Bovine Leukosis with Difficult Clinical Diagnoses

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Simultaneous evaluation of diagnostic marker utility for enzootic bovine leukosis

Simultaneous evaluation of diagnostic marker utility for enzootic bovine leukosis

Disseminated thymic B-cell lymphoma in a Holstein heifer

Detection of monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA as a malignant marker in two enzootic bovine leukosis cases with difficult clinical diagnosis

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