Utility of Silver-nanoparticles for Nano-fluorimetric Determination of Vancomycin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Biological Fluids: Greenness Assessment

Abstract

Vancomycin hydrochloride (VANH) is a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly employed in the prophylaxis and therapy of various gram-positive bacterial life-threatening infections. Due to the narrow therapeutic window of VANH, its serum levels should be well-monitored to avoid its toxicity and to optimize its therapy. Herein, an innovative silver-nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence technique was designed for VANH rapid analysis in its pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluids. This technique is based on reinforcement of VANH fluorescence intensity with silver-nanoparticles that were synthesized by a redox reaction between VANH and silver nitrate in NaOH alkaline medium using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizer. The produced silver-nanoparticles were characterized by using UV–visible spectroscopy where they have an intense absorption maximum at 415 nm and transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrograph where they are spherical in shape with smooth surface morphology and size of 10.74 ± 2.44 nm. The fluorescence intensity was measured at 394 nm after excitation at 259 nm. Under optimum conditions, a good linear relationship was accomplished between the VANH concentration and the fluorescence intensity in a range of (1–36) ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.29 ng/mL. Greenness assessment was performed using two assessment tools namely; eco-scale scoring and green analytical procedure index revealing excellent greenness of the proposed technique. The proposed technique was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) recommendations and statistically compared with the reported HPLC method revealing no significant difference concerning accuracy and precision at p = 0.05. The proposed technique depended primarily on water as a cheap and eco-friendly solvent.

Cobalt-modulated dual emission carbon dots for ratiometric fluorescent vancomycin detection

“…2 Therefore, therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin is necessary. Various analytical methods, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [8][9][10] electrochemical detection, 11,12 immunoassay, 13,14 UV-vis spectrophotometric 15,16 and uorometric methods [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] have been employed to quantify vancomycin in biological samples.…”

Implementation of green-assessed nanotechnology and quality by design approach for development of optical sensor for determination of tobramycin in ophthalmic formulations and spiked human plasma

“…We chose the (AgNps) as they are inexpensive and have high extinction for colorimetric detection [ 10 ], special optical and electronic properties [ 11 ], and they are widely used in bio-sensing, photonics, and in antimicrobial applications as the manufacturing of biodegradable surgical sutures [ 12 ]. Additionally, new insights on the application of AgNps were applied in drug delivery[ 13 ], glucose determination [ 14 ], DNA detection [ 15 ], analysis of drugs [ 16 – 18 ], heavy metal ions [ 19 , 20 ], anions [ 10 , 21 ], and cations [ 22 ].…”