Utility of solid phase extraction for UV-visible spectrophotometric determination of gallium in environmental and biological samples

Amin, Alaa S.; Moalla, S. M. N.

doi:10.1039/c5ra21368a

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…To date, for the spectrophotometric detection and quantification of gallium, 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) [41] ,1-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-2hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid (BTAHN) [42], Chrome Azurol S (CAS) [43], 2-Hydroxynaphthaldehydebenzoylhydrazone (OHNABH) [44], Bipyridylglyoxal bis(4phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (BGPT) [45], 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone (HMBAINH) [46], rutine [47] and so on have been reported as chromogenic reagents for the determination of Ga(III). A comparison of this suggested work with those of other Ga(III) assay protocols introduced in previous literature is exhibited in Table 2.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Colorimetric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric and colorimetric determination of gallium (III) with p-aminohippu- ric acid-functionalized citrate capped gold nanoparticles

Avan¹

2021

Turk J Chem

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A new technique for sensing Ga(III) concentration based on polyvinyl alcohol-citrate capped gold nanoparticle-p-aminohippuric acid hybrid (or three-layer core-shell configurations) have been demonstrated. The p-aminohippuric acid capped citrate-gold nanoparticles were comfortably agglomerated in the presence of Ga(III) and the color of the reaction quickly turned from red to violet or blue. Under the detection conditions, a good linear relationship was ideally obtained between the ratio of the absorbance intensity at 620 nm to that at 520 nm (A 620 /A 520 ). The linear response range, the detection and quantification limit was 34.9-418.3 µg/L and 7.6 µg/L and 25 µg/L, respectively. To reflect the accuracy, the developed sensing approach was evaluated 2 against certified reference materials (TMDA 51.3 fortified water and TMDA 28.3 fortified water). This colorimetric strategy was displayed excellent selectivity for Ga(III) over other examined ions. Additionally, the colorimetric method was properly used to detect the concentrations of Ga in tap water and certified reference material samples with recoveries ranging from 95.4 to 102.0%, displaying that the colorimetric procedure could be safely used for a realistic application.

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Section: Comparison With Other Colorimetric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrophotometric and colorimetric determination of gallium (III) with p-aminohippu- ric acid-functionalized citrate capped gold nanoparticles

Avan¹

2021

Turk J Chem

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“…Ga(III) can be determined by molecular absorption spectrometry using ligands that form compounds with high molar absorptivity [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], whose sensitivity can be improved by coupling to a liquid- [ 24 ] or solid-phase extraction procedure [ 25 ]. If the compound resulting from the interaction of Ga(III) with the ligand emits fluorescence, sensitivity is further enhanced [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the compound resulting from the interaction of Ga(III) with the ligand emits fluorescence, sensitivity is further enhanced [ 26 ]. When combined with solid-phase extraction, a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.1 µg L −1 can be achieved with Vis-UV detection [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Simple Magnetic Adsorbent for the Preconcentration and Determination of Ga(III) and In(III) by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

et al. 2023

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A solid-phase dispersive microextraction procedure has been developed using ferrite (Fe3O4), an inexpensive magnetic material, as an adsorbent for the separation and subsequent determination of Ga(III) and In(III). The ions were removed from an aqueous solution by adsorption on Fe3O4, which was next easily collected from the medium by the action of a magnet. The analytes were then desorbed using 50 µL of 2 M NaOH or 50 µL of a 4:1 mixture of 0.1 M EDTA and 2 M HNO3 for the determination of Ga(III) or In(III), respectively. The level of the elements in the desorption phase was measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) by injecting 10 µL of this phase into the atomizer. The enrichment factor was 163, and detection limits of 0.02 and 0.01 µg L−1 were achieved for Ga(III) and In(III), respectively. The reliability of the procedure has been verified by means of standard reference materials and by means of standard additions. Results are given for waters, soils and samples obtained from various electronic devices. It is of note that the procedure could be the basis for a useful way of recovering these valuable elements from different matrices for reuse.

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“…Therefore, the interest in its extraction, separation, recycling and determination is great. [4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Gallium(III) forms intensely colored chelate species with azo dyes, such as 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) and 4-(2thiazolylazo)resorcinol (TAR). [13][14][15][16][17][18] Cationic ion-association reagents have been used in our laboratory to improve the hydrophobicity and extraction characteristics of such chelates: tetrazolium salts, [19,20] nitron [21] and xylometazoline hydrochloride (XMH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Gallium(III) with a New Azo Dye in The Presence or Absence of Xylometazoline Hydrochloride

et al. 2020

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Complex formation between Ga(III) and 6-hexyl-4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (HTAR, H2L) was studied in a water-chloroform medium, in the presence or absence of xylometazoline hydrochloride (XMH). Optimum conditions for the extraction of Ga(III) were found. In the presence of XMH, the extracted ion-associate has the formula (XMH +)[Ga III L2], where HTAR is in its deprotonated form L 2-. Some key extractionspectrophotometric characteristics were determined: absorption maximum (521 nm), apparent molar absorptivity (5.8 × 10 4 dm 3 mol-1 cm-1), limit of detection (18 ng cm-3), limit of quantitation (60 ng cm-3), extraction constant (LogK = 4.44), distribution ratio (LogD = 2.2) and fraction extracted (99.3 %). In the absence of XMH, the extracted chelate contains one deprotonated and one monoprotonated HTAR: [Ga III (HL-)(L 2-)]. It has an absorption maximum at 523 nm and a shoulder at 580-590 nm. The pKa of HTAR (H2L ⇄ H + + HLequilibrium) was calculated (5.4) and the effect of foreign ions was studied.

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Utility of solid phase extraction for UV-visible spectrophotometric determination of gallium in environmental and biological samples

Abstract: Absorption spectra for 2 × 10−5 M BTAHN complexed with 0.5 μg mL−1 Ga(III) at the optimum conditions.

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Spectrophotometric and colorimetric determination of gallium (III) with p-aminohippu- ric acid-functionalized citrate capped gold nanoparticles

Spectrophotometric and colorimetric determination of gallium (III) with p-aminohippu- ric acid-functionalized citrate capped gold nanoparticles

Using a Simple Magnetic Adsorbent for the Preconcentration and Determination of Ga(III) and In(III) by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Extraction of Gallium(III) with a New Azo Dye in The Presence or Absence of Xylometazoline Hydrochloride

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