Utilização de lisímetros de pesagem para a determinação dos coeficientes de cultura do meloeiro (Cucumis melo L.) para cultivo em estufa agrícola na região de Araras - SP

Abstract

RESUMO:Esta pesquisa foi conduzida em uma estufa agrícola instalada na área experimental do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, localizado em Araras -SP. O solo da área experimental é um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, distrófico, de horizonte A moderado e textura argilosa. Os meloeiros estudados foram os híbridos Louis e HD 90. O experimento foi irrigado por gotejamento, e o controle da irrigação, realizado por meio de dois lisímetros de pesagem instalados dentro da estufa. A umidade do solo foi monitorada com uma sonda de TDR e mantida próxima de sua capacidade de campo. As informações climatológicas relevantes ao projeto foram coletadas em estações meteorológicas automáticas, instaladas dentro e fora da estufa. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foi estimada pelos modelos agroclimáticos de Penman--Monteith, Penman, Makkink e do Tanque Classe A. Os consumos totais de água medidos nos lisímetros foram de 254,5 mm e 188,6 mm, respectivamente, para os meloeiros Louis e HD 90, os quais correspondem ao consumo médio diário de 3,18 mm e 2,35 mm. Todos os modelos agroclimáticos avaliados subestimaram a evapotranspiração de referência estimada pelo modelo padrão de Penman-Monteith, variando de um mínimo de 26,9%, no caso do modelo de Penman, até um máximo de 74,3%, no caso do modelo de Makkink. Os coeficientes de cultura determinados pelo modelo padrão de Penman-Monteith, considerando-se aqui o valor médio dos dois tipos de meloeiros estudados, foram os seguintes: estádio inicial: 0,20; estádio intermediário: 1,10, e estádio final: 0,50. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: melão, cultivo protegido, célula de carga. USE OF WEIGHING LISIMETERS TO DETERMINE CROP COEFFICIENTS FOR MELON (Cucumis melo L.) TO BE CULTIVATED IN PLASTIC GREENHOUSE IN THE REGION OF ARARAS -SP ABSTRACT:The research was conducted in a greenhouse installed at the experimental farm of the Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, in the city of Araras -SP. The soil of the experimental area is dark red Latosols, dystrophic; moderate A horizon, clay texture. The melons studied were the hybrids Louis and HD 90. The experiment was irrigated by drip irrigation and control accomplished through two weighing lysimeters installed inside the greenhouse. Soil moisture was monitored with a TDR probe and maintained close to field capacity. The climatic information was collected in automatic weather stations installed inside and outside the greenhouse.

Estimatation of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of melon cultivated in protected environment

“…Durations of phenological stages similar to those presented in Table 2 were observed by Peres et al (2013) Table 3.…”

“…Allen et al (1998) also claim that crops managed in espaliers, which reach height of 1.5 to 2.0 m, need Kc values to be increased. Peres et al (2013), evaluating the use of weighing lysimeters to determine melon crop coefficients for the cultivation in The Kc values of the initial stage observed by these authors is lower than that of the present study. This fact can be related to the type of lysimeter used, because water table lysimeters have a constant water replacement in the system and the plants are not well developed in this stage, thus increasing water evaporation from the soil.…”

“…However, due to the climatic differences from one place to another, these values may vary and, consequently, overestimate or underestimate water consumption by plants (Carvalho et al, 2006). The Kc values determined by Miranda et al (2004) for the watermelon crop in Ceará and by Peres et al (2013) for the melon crop in São Paulo were higher than those recommended in the literature, which highlights the importance of determining Kc at a regional level.…”

Development of the crop coefficient for vertically trained cucumber vines grown in soilless media under naturally ventilated greenhouse conditions

“…Comparing the present study with previous studies, Allen et al (1998) reported cucumber K c values of 0.6, 1.15 and 0.75 for the initial, middle and late stages, respectively; however, these values were for open‐field conditions. Variations in K c can be due to the differences in environmental conditions (open or enclosed), species cultivars (Peres et al, 2013), plant densities (Qiu et al, 2013), type of crop training systems, length of the cropping cycle, planting dates (Orgaz et al, 2005), soil type and its management, agronomic practices and LAI (Rallo et al, 2021). Several authors have reported higher K c values for cucumber crops in CEA.…”

Estimation of the crop coefficient (kc) for bell pepper under greenhouse conditions

“…The climate approach of this methodology was selected given its application to studies conducted in protected environments for determining ET 0 given by Eq. 1 (Peres et al, 2013;Lozano et al, 2017).…”