Utilization Characteristics of Spinal Interventions

The Role of Fluoroscopic Interlaminar Epidural Injections in Managing Chronic Pain of Lumbar Disc Herniation or Radiculitis: A Randomized, Double‐Blind Trial

“…With an exponential increase of health care costs, the cost of managing low back pain is also increasing at a rapidly uncontrollable pace, with ever‐increasing investigations and modalities of treatments . Epidural injections are 1 of the most commonly performed interventions for managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain secondary to disc herniation and other pathologies .…”

Cost Utility Analysis of Percutaneous Adhesiolysis in Managing Pain of Post‐lumbar Surgery Syndrome and Lumbar Central Spinal Stenosis

“…Percutaneous adhesiolysis has been studied in postsurgery syndrome, central spinal stenosis, and disk herniation . As multiple modalities continue to increase, including various interventional techniques in managing chronic low back and lower extremity pain, insurers have limited coverage for percutaneous adhesiolysis based on the facts of increasing interventions and the presumed lack of effectiveness of adhesiolysis . In contrast, the increase in the utilization of percutaneous adhesiolysis has been modest (47% from 2000 to 2011 in United States Medicare population), compared to sacroiliac joint interventions, which have increased 331% from 2000 to 2011 per 100,000 fee‐for‐service Medicare population, with facet joint interventions increasing 308% and epidural injections increasing 130% .…”

Spinal Injections for Pain Management

“…Before 2000, anesthesiologists performed the majority of injections (26). By 2007, procedures were performed by anesthesiologists (49%), physiatrists (25%), family practitioners (12%), orthopedists (6%), and radiologists (3%) (27). Within the pain management domain, a small percentage of providers performed a disproportionately high percentage of spinal interventions (22,23,26,27).…”