Utilization of accelerator and reactor based nuclear analytical techniques for chemical characterization of automobile windshield glass samples and potential of statistical analyses using trace elements towards glass forensics

Chemical characterization of automobile windshield glass samples for major, minor, and trace elemental concentration determination by INAA and its comparison with ED-XRF and DC Arc AES in terms of analytical capabilities and possible applications for glass forensics

“…8 Dasari et al (2012, 2013, and 2018) and Sharma et al (2022) have used minor and trace elemental concentrations for the provenance studies of some archeological artifacts, including bricks, pottery samples, and glass forensics, respectively. 61–64 Nakanishi et al (2008) have used Ba and La intensity ratio and presence/absence of elements (Hf, Pb, and Mo) for the grouping of glass fragments. 45 Compared to major elements, the transition elements and REEs mostly present at trace levels, i.e.…”

“…Statistical Cluster Analysis (CA) is an efficient method for grouping study of similar kind of materials and has been extensively utilized for the grouping of pottery for archaeological and glass samples in forensic applications. 54,[61][62][63][64] In this view, the grouping pattern of the analyzed glass samples was conrmed by performing independent cluster analysis (CA) utilizing major and minor elemental concentrations obtained by ED-XRF and DC Arc AES methods; the corresponding tree diagrams are shown in Fig. 6 and 7, respectively.…”

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in the analysis of metals, chemicals and materials

“…Particle induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used by Sharma et al to obtain analytical data from 25 car windshield glass samples from six manufacturers. 339 The external (in air) PIGE was used to determine the concentrations of the major analytes Al, Mg, Na and Si whereas the INAA determined 19 analytes including the REE. Both techniques used matrix matched CRMs as validation.…”

Interpol review of paint, tape, and glass evidence 2019–2022

“…Sharma et al [ 174 ] report on the use Particle Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) for the characterization of windshield glass samples derived from six different vehicle manufactures. PIGE was used to measure the concentrations of the four major elements (Si, Na, Mg and Al) and a total of nineteen (19) elements including sixteen (16) trace elements were analyzed using INAA in a research reactor.…”