Utilization of alternative species for toxicity testing: An overview

Goss, L.Barry; Sabourin, Thomas D.

doi:10.1002/jat.2550050402

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Rainbow trout hepatocytes have found special utility [77]. This non-cancer cell model was used to examine for toxicity of a few flavones as well as methylated analogs [76].…”

Section: Toxic Side-effects Of Methylated Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylation of Dietary Flavones Increases Their Metabolic Stability and Chemopreventive Effects

Walle

2009

IJMS

124

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Dietary flavones have promising chemoprotective properties, in particular with regard to cancer, but problems with low oral bioavailability and sometimes unacceptable toxicity have made their use as protective additives to normal diets questionable. However, methylation of free phenolic hydroxyl groups leads to derivatives not susceptible to glucuronic acid or sulfate conjugation, resulting in increased metabolic stability. Methylation also leads to greatly improved transport through biological membranes, such as in intestinal absorption, and much increased oral bioavailability. Recent studies also indicate that methylation results in derivatives with increasing potency to kill cancer cells. They also show high potency towards inhibition of hormone-regulating enzymes, e.g., aromatase, important in the causation of breast cancer. Methylation of the flavones may also result in derivatives with diminished toxic side-effects and improved aqueous solubility. In conclusion, it appears that methylation of dietary flavones as well as of other food products may produce derivatives with much improved health effects.

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“…Rainbow trout hepatocytes have found special utility [77]. This non-cancer cell model was used to examine for toxicity of a few flavones as well as methylated analogs [76].…”

Section: Toxic Side-effects Of Methylated Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylation of Dietary Flavones Increases Their Metabolic Stability and Chemopreventive Effects

Walle

2009

IJMS

124

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“…4). This bioassay was originally developed as an alternative to mammalian testing of pharmacological compounds to assess teratogenesis (39). During the mid 1980s, Bantle and co-workers (40,41) used the FETAX bioassay to assess aquatic contamination.…”

Section: Alteration Ofwater Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for water quality criteria for frogs.

Boyer

Grue

1995

Environ Health Perspect

105

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Amphibians are considered reliable indicators of environmental quality. In the western United States, a general decline of frog populations parallels an apparent worldwide decline. The factors thought to be contributing to declines in frog populations include habitat loss, introduction of exotic species, overexploitation, disease, climate change, and decreasing water quality. With respect to water quality, agroecosystems use 80-90% of the water resources in the western United States, frequently resulting in highly eutrophic conditions. Recent investigations suggest that these eutrophic conditions (elevated pH, water temperature, and un-ionized ammonia) may be associated with frog embryo mortality or malformations. However, water quality criteria for frogs and other amphibians do not currently exist. Here, we briefly review data that support the need to develop water quality parameters for frogs in agroecosystems and other habitats.ImagesFigure 1.Figure 2.Figure 3.Figure 4. AFigure 4. BFigure 5.

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“…Acute toxicity data have been developed for many aquatic organisms. Detailed discussions of comparative sensitivity of aquatic organisms to chemicals that cause acute effects are beyond the scope of this paper, but several papers have described surrogate species, alternative species, intra-and interspecies sensitivity, and so forth, which may be of general interest (e.g., see Dowden and Bennett, 1965;Patrick et al, 1968;Canton and Van Esch, 1976;Fogels and Sprague, 1977;Kenaga and Moolenaar, 1979;Life Systems, Inc., 1982 b,c;Sloof and Canton, 1983;LeBlanc, 1984;Millemann et al, 1984;Suter and Vaughn, 1984;Goss and Sabourin, 1985;Thurston et al, 1985;Ellersieck, 1986, 1988).…”

Section: Developing Acute Aquatic Toxicity Test Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical fate, bioconcentration, and environmental effects testing: Proposed testing and decision criteria

Walker

1990

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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Chemicals should have a minimum amount of available chemical fate, bioconcentration, and environmental effects data to identify those chemicals with potentially problematic environmental partitioning or persistence, or those with potential to bioconcentrate or cause adverse effects. Professional judgment, estimates of a chemical's mode(s) of action or mechanism of action, and its susceptibility to rapid transport or transformation should be utilized to determine the types of chemical fate, bioeoncentration, and environmental effects data that should be available. Data-supported decision criteria should be used to develop additional data to characterize the persistence, bioconcentration, and adverse effects of chemicals that have been identified as potentially problematic. To facilitate an understanding of minimum chemical fate and bioconcentration data that should be available, recommended chemical fate and bioconcentration data from previously published testing schemes or approaches were evaluated. For environmental effects data, the types of organisms recommended for developing aquatic toxicity data in previously published testing schemes or approaches were evaluated. To facilitate a n understanding of available testing decision criteria, those criteria that were used (as of December 31, 1988) to propose or require chemical fate, bioconcentration, on aquatic toxicity tests under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act and those criteria recommended in previously reported testing schemes were evaluated. Based on this comprehensive evaluation it was possible to propose (1) a base set of chemical fate and aquatic toxicity tests, (2) organisms for conducting aquatic toxicity tests, and (3) decision logic and testing scheme for developing chemical fate and aquatic toxicity test data.* Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the EPA. Views do not necessarily reflect EPA policies.

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Utilization of alternative species for toxicity testing: An overview

Cited by 26 publications

References 143 publications

Methylation of Dietary Flavones Increases Their Metabolic Stability and Chemopreventive Effects

Methylation of Dietary Flavones Increases Their Metabolic Stability and Chemopreventive Effects

The need for water quality criteria for frogs.

Chemical fate, bioconcentration, and environmental effects testing: Proposed testing and decision criteria

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