Utilization of antibacterial drugs in salmonid farming in Norway during 1980–1988

Grave, Kari; Engelstad, M.; Søli, N. E.; Håstein, Tore

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(90)90323-f

Cited by 58 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Such data are important for analysing resistance patterns against drugs used for the treatment of sea lice infestations. However, data on the consumption (as weight of active substance) of drugs used for sea lice infestations in Norway have been recorded and have been publicly available since 1981 (Grave et al 1991). Because drugs formulated for use against sea lice infestations in farm salmonids are highly speciesspecific, national sales data of this drug group are thought to be a good estimate of the quantities used in this group.…”

Section: Abstract: Sea Lice · Drug Use · Course-dose · Treatment Patmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1986, the cholinesterase inhibitor dichlorvos was introduced. Organophosphorous drugs were the drugs of choice for the treatment of sea lice infestations during the period 1981 to 1988 also (Grave et al 1991 Treatments with drugs of the pyrethrin/pyrethroid group were introduced in 1990 (Jakobsen & Holm 1990), but no significant use was recorded before 1994. The first product available was based on pyrethrum, a mixture of 6 compounds with antiparasitic properties (pyrethrins), extracted from the plant Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium.…”

Section: Treatment Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Consumption of drugs for sea lice infestations in Norwegian fish farms: methods for assessment of treatment patterns and treatment rate

Grave

Horsberg²,

Lunestad³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Section: Abstract: Sea Lice · Drug Use · Course-dose · Treatment Patmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatment Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of drugs for sea lice infestations in Norwegian fish farms: methods for assessment of treatment patterns and treatment rate

Grave

Horsberg²,

Lunestad³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Currently, epizootics of Lepeophtheirus saln~onis on farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar are treated in Europe by bath treatments with dichlorvos, the active ingredient in 'Nuvan 500EC' or 'Aquaguard' (Grave et al 1991a, b, Jackson & Costello 1992, Roth et al 1993. These treatments are labour-intensive and highly stressful to the fish, and populations of L. salmonis are reported to be developing resistance to these chemicals (Jones et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of ivermectin for control of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Atlantic salmon

Johnson¹,

Margolis²

1993

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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the chalimus stages of sea lice S e r~o u s head dnd doisal body lesions, typical of L s a l m o n~s f e e d~n g act~vity, which developed on the control f~s h were absent from the ~vermect~n-tredted f~s h lvermectin fed at these dosage reglmes resulted in a d a r k e n~n g of the fish, but appealed not to reduce their feeding activity K E Y WORDS Ivermectin Lepeophthe~rus salmonis Parasite control P a r a s~t e treatment -Salmon louse . Salmo salar Sea lice

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“…The most used nitrofuran in salmon farming in Norway was furazolidone. The quantity of furazolidone sold annually for treating farmed fish in Norway varied between 0 and 15 840 kg from 1980 to 1993 (the maximum quantity sold was in 1987 (Grave et al, 1990(Grave et al, , 1996. From 1994, the use of furazolidone for salmon was prohibited in Norway.…”

Section: Therapeutic Use Of Nitrofurans In Livestock Horses and Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on nitrofurans and their metabolites in food

Panel¹

2015

EFS2

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Nitrofurans are antimicrobial agents not authorised for use in food-producing animals in the European Union. Nitrofurans are rapidly metabolised, occurring in animal tissues as protein-bound metabolites. The European Commission requested EFSA to provide a scientific opinion on the risks to human health related to the presence of nitrofurans in food and whether a reference point for action (RPA) of 1.0 µg/kg for the marker metabolites is adequate to protect public health. Data on occurrence of nitrofuran marker metabolites in food were extracted from the national residue monitoring plan results and from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). The CONTAM Panel concluded that these data were too limited to carry out a reliable human dietary exposure assessment. Instead, human dietary exposure was calculated for a scenario in which a single nitrofuran marker metabolite is present at 1.0 µg/kg in foods of animal origin, excluding milk and dairy products. The mean chronic dietary exposure for this worst-case scenario would range from 3.3 to 8.0 and 1.9 to 4.3 ng/kg b.w. per day for toddlers and adults, respectively. Nitrofurans and their marker metabolites, generally, are genotoxic and carcinogenic and, also, have non-neoplastic effects in animals. Margins of exposure (MOEs) were calculated at 2.0 × 10 5 or greater for carcinogenicity and at 2.5 × 10 3 or greater for non-neoplastic effects. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it is unlikely that exposure to food contaminated with nitrofuran marker metabolites at or below 1.0 µg/kg is a health concern. A scenario in which foods are considered to be contaminated with semicarbazide, from use of carrageenan as a food additive, at 1 µg/kg was used to assess whether it is appropriate to apply the RPA to foods of non-animal origin; MOEs of greater than 10 4 calculated for nonneoplastic effects do not indicate a health concern.© European Food Safety Authority, 2015 However, the opinion also identified certain categories of non-allowed pharmacologically active substances that are considered to be outside the scope of the procedure, including substances that are high potency carcinogens, such as nitrofurans. As nitrofurans are excluded from that opinion, and taking into account that the presence of SEM in food may be from sources other than use of nitrofurazone, the European Commission (EC) requested the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for a scientific opinion on the risks to human health related to the presence of nitrofurans and their metabolites in food. The opinion should include (a) an evaluation of the toxicity of nitrofurans and their metabolites for humans, considering all relevant toxicological endpoints and identification of the toxicological relevance of nitrofurans and their metabolites present in food, and (b) an exposure assessment of the EU population to nitrofurans and their metabolites from food, including the consumption patterns of specific (vulnerable) groups of the population. In addition, the opinion should assess the appropriateness of...

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Utilization of antibacterial drugs in salmonid farming in Norway during 1980–1988

Cited by 58 publications

References 11 publications

Consumption of drugs for sea lice infestations in Norwegian fish farms: methods for assessment of treatment patterns and treatment rate

Consumption of drugs for sea lice infestations in Norwegian fish farms: methods for assessment of treatment patterns and treatment rate

Efficacy of ivermectin for control of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis on Atlantic salmon

Scientific Opinion on nitrofurans and their metabolites in food

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