Utilization of Aqueous-Tar Condensates Formed During Gasification

Kwiecińska, A.; Iluk, T.; Kochel, Mateusz

doi:10.12911/22998993/65462

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These compounds tend to condensate at the temperature range of 150-350 °C [15,16] and elevated pressure [17] thus resulting in malfunctions of mechanical devices as well as fouling and blocking of pipelines and filters [15,18]. In fact, tars may be considered as a waste stream from the gasification process, that is the main obstacle in the process commercialization [14,18,19]. The most common approach to remove tars from the gas stream is to use mechanical, usually wet methods that involve scrubbers or washing towers [15,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, tars may be considered as a waste stream from the gasification process, that is the main obstacle in the process commercialization [14,18,19]. The most common approach to remove tars from the gas stream is to use mechanical, usually wet methods that involve scrubbers or washing towers [15,19,20]. However, this method does not solve the tars problem completely but instead "pushes" it away creating a wastewater stream that consists of tars [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common approach to remove tars from the gas stream is to use mechanical, usually wet methods that involve scrubbers or washing towers [15,19,20]. However, this method does not solve the tars problem completely but instead "pushes" it away creating a wastewater stream that consists of tars [19]. A more proper approach involves tar conversion rather than its removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sewage Sludge-Derived Producer Gas Valorization with the Use of Atmospheric Microwave Plasma

Wnukowski

Kordylewski

Łuszkiewicz

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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Atmospheric microwave plasma was applied to the processing of the partially cleaned producer gas obtained from sewage sludge gasification. The plasma processing resulted in residual tar compounds conversion and changes in the gas composition. During the tests with a different gas flow rates and microwave power inputs, liquid and gaseous samples were collected to evaluate the plasma reactor's performance. The conversion efficiency ranged from 19 to 100% and it depended on the specific energy input (SEI), gas flow rate, initial tar concentration, and the nature of the tars compounds. Generally, it was shown that the conversion rate increased with the SEI and that the aliphatic, cyclic and substituted compounds were converted much easier than benzene. Moreover, applying plasma led to the production of heavier aromatics (i.e. naphthalene, indene, acenaphthylene) but the rise in their concentration was significantly smaller than the amount of converted compounds. The gas composition changes revealed in the increase of H 2 and CO concentration that was an effect of hydrocarbons and CO 2 conversion. Additionally, it was indicated that the microwave plasma reactor's performance was noticeably worse than in the case of the laboratory test with a simulated producer gas. This was mainly attributed to differences in the reactors' geometry, lower hydrogen concentration and the presence of inorganic deposit on the reactor's walls that might have inhibited microwaves transfer. In general, the microwave plasma technology seems promising in the context of cleaning and upgrading the producer gas, however, further optimization research is necessary to make it more reliable and less energy consuming. Graphic AbstractBiomass-derived producer gas treatment in the context of tar conversion is a current and important research issue. Many plasma techniques have been investigated to solve the problem of tar's presence. However, most of them considered simplified model mixtures of gas and a model tar compound. There is a negligible amount of research that applies a real producer gas obtained in the gasification process. Moreover, none of them includes microwave plasma, which has a few promising features considering producer gas valorization. Therefore, the main goal and novelty of this work were to investigate the microwave plasma treatment of the gas derived from sewage sludge gasification and to compare it with the results obtain in laboratory research using model mixtures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sewage Sludge-Derived Producer Gas Valorization with the Use of Atmospheric Microwave Plasma

Wnukowski

Kordylewski

Łuszkiewicz

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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“…Intensive non-bedding pig farming leads to the formation of large quantities of waste in the form of slurry which is a liquid heterogeneous mixture of animal excrement (the urine to faeces ratio is approximately 60 to 40 %), undigested food residues, and water used for hygienic and cleaning purposes in livestock buildings [1,2]. Typical pig slurry is characterized by slightly alkaline reaction, high specific conductivity, as well as a high content of suspended solids and organic substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Odorants from Pig Slurry - Effect on the Environment and Methods of its Reduction

Marszałek

Kowalski

Makara

2018

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Pig slurry is classified as a natural liquid fertilizer, which is a heterogeneous mixture of urine, faeces, remnants of feed and technological water, used to remove excrement and maintain the hygiene of livestock housing. The storage and distribution of pig slurry on farmland affect the environment as they are associated with, among others, the emission of various types of gaseous pollutants, mainly CH4, CO2, N2O, NH3, H2S, and other odorants. Methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are greenhouse gases (GHGs) which contribute to climate change by increasing the greenhouse effect. Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are malodorous gases responsible for the occurrence of odour nuisance which, due to their toxicity, may endanger the health and lives of humans and animals. NH3 also influences the increase of atmosphere and soil acidification. The article presents the environmental impact of greenhouse gases and odorous compounds emitted from pig slurry. Key gaseous atmospheric pollutants such as NH3, H2S, CH4, CO2 and N2O have been characterized. Furthermore, methods to reduce the emission of odours and GHGs from pig slurry during its storage and agricultural usage have been discussed.

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“…The NF1, with negative charge, enabled to remove 94% of cyanide, while yielding a high flux of 79 L/h at a pH of 10.0 and at a relatively low pressure of only 13 kg/cm 2 . Kwiecińska et al [13,14] conducted series of experiments on the application of low-pressure membrane filtration processes as a pretreatment method in purification of wastewater formed during coal gasification process. Additionally, membrane separation technologies can be applied as an independent system as it was shown by Kumar et al [15], who designed the novel system by integration of forward osmosis (FO) with NF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of polymeric and ceramic ultrafiltration in biologically treated coke oven wastewater polishing

Rychlewska¹,

Kwiecińska²,

Kochel³

et al. 2018

Desalination and Water Treatment

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a b s t r a c tThe main scope of the presented research was to treat coke oven wastewater stream after the biological loop using low pressure-driven membrane filtration. The process was focused on reducing the content of substances that could intensify the phenomenon of reverse osmosis membrane fouling. For this purpose, four types of polyethersulphone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) equal to 10, 5, 3 and 1 kDa, respectively, and two ceramic disk membranes (5 and 8 kDa) with zirconia active layer were applied in a cross-flow mode filtration performed at the constant pressure. During experiments, the influence of membranes MWCO, type of material, as well as the transmembrane pressure (TMP) on the process capacity and the permeate quality, evaluated based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) value, was examined. Experimental results indicated that in the tested range of TMP (0.1-0.3 MPa), the application of polymeric membranes was more beneficial, since they allowed for the operation at the higher rate of the initial capacity and they were less susceptible to fouling in comparison with ceramic ones. The separation with tested UF polymeric membranes also enabled the better reduction of COD, with the highest rejection of 67% noted for 5 kDa PES membrane at TMP of 0.2 MPa. The 5 kDa membrane was found to be preferable due to its capacity, lowest fouling affinity and contaminants removal efficiency.

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Utilization of Aqueous-Tar Condensates Formed During Gasification

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Sewage Sludge-Derived Producer Gas Valorization with the Use of Atmospheric Microwave Plasma

Sewage Sludge-Derived Producer Gas Valorization with the Use of Atmospheric Microwave Plasma

Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Odorants from Pig Slurry - Effect on the Environment and Methods of its Reduction

The use of polymeric and ceramic ultrafiltration in biologically treated coke oven wastewater polishing

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