Utilization of Carbon Dioxide through Nonthermal Plasma Approaches

Zou, Ji‐Jun; Liu, Changjun

doi:10.1002/9783527629916.ch10

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The activated species generated from A 1 and A 2 then decay rapidly outside this zone. This is possible by using nonthermal plasma for activation and that the activation can be selective. − , Similarly, reactants A 3 and A 4 do not react with any other species but with B 1 and B 2 respectively in RZ-2 and RZ-2. This is achieved by using significantly lower temperatures than RZ-1 and solid or liquid state reactants A 3 and A 4 with selective catalysts where possible. The intermediates B 1 and B 2 are separated within the reactor and diffuse into their reaction zones, although there is no specific separation stage.…”

Section: Novel Multi-reaction-zone Catalytic Intensified Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Ammonia and Advanced Symbiotic Fertilizer Production Using Catalytic Multi-Reaction-Zone Reactors with Nonthermal Plasma and Simultaneous Reactive Separation

Akay

2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

122

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The theoretical bases of a novel intensified catalytic multi-reaction-zone reactor (M-RZR) system are described. The M-RZR with two reaction zones (RZ-1 and RZ-2) was used for ammonia synthesis. In the catalytic nonthermal plasma reaction zone (RZ-1), ammonia was synthesized and it was immediately sequestrated by a highly porous polymeric solid acid absorbent in the ammonia neutralization reaction zone (RZ-2). The solid acid was a sulfonated cross-linked porous polystyrene foam known as polyHIPE polymer (s-PHP, HIPE = high internal phase emulsion). The s-PHP and its neutralized version (sn-PHP) were previously developed as an advanced symbiotic fertilizer (or synthetic root system) for agro-process intensification for the enhancement (50–300%) of crop yield and nitrogen fixation especially under water and nutrient stress. In this first ever “proof-of-concept” study of the M-RZR system, without any attempt for optimization, it was shown that the ammonia conversion per pass reached ca. 40% and ammonia concentration was ca. 20 vol %. The energy cost of ammonia was 0.76 MJ/g NH3 which was 2 times smaller than optimized systems in which the ammonia concentration in the product stream was ca. 1.5 vol %. Direct conversion of hydrogen enhanced clean syngas (a 1CO + a 2CO2 + a 3H2 + a 4N2 + a 5CH4) to ammonia and its reversible sequestration by CO2 to form solid ammonium carbamate/carbonate was demonstrated. This method is not only useful for direct conversion of syngas to ammonium carbonate/urea fertilizers but also for obtaining anhydrous ammonia for fuel applications. The reactive in situ air separation was also demonstrated for the generation of nitrogen for ammonia synthesis and oxygen for the gasification of biomass as a sustainable source of hydrogen.

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Section: Novel Multi-reaction-zone Catalytic Intensified Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Novel Multi-reaction-zone Catalytic Intensified Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Ammonia and Advanced Symbiotic Fertilizer Production Using Catalytic Multi-Reaction-Zone Reactors with Nonthermal Plasma and Simultaneous Reactive Separation

Akay

2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

122

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“…After generation, the DBD plasma filaments propagate quickly and bridge the discharge gap within several nanoseconds. − During this period, energetic electrons collide with CO 2 and CH 4 molecules, giving rise to a variety of activated species. The most dominant CO 2 excitation modes include rotational, vibrational, and electronic excitation (e – + CO 2 → CO 2 * + e – ); electron attachment (e – + CO 2 → CO 2 – ); dissociation (e – + CO 2 → CO + O + e – ); and ionization (e – + CO 2 → CO 2 + + 2e – ). , Among these activation modes, vibrational excitation exhibits the highest formation rate (at least 1 order of magnitude higher than other excitation channels), although most of the plasma energy is transferred to electronic excitation . Consequently, vibrationally excited molecules play an important role in plasma-catalysis reactions.…”

Section: Mechanisms Along Different Time Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Plasma-Assisted Catalysis for Selective Generation of Oxygenates from CO₂ and CH₄

2020

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The co-conversion of CO2 and CH4 into oxygenates with nonthermal plasma is attracting considerable interest, principally because this approach can overcome thermodynamic limitations and enables operation under mild conditions. However, plasma must be coupled with appropriate catalysts in order to achieve satisfactory oxygenate selectivities. In this article, the mechanisms underlying plasma-catalytic CO2 + CH4 conversion to three different types of oxygenates (CH3OH, HCHO, and CH3COOH) are discussed along the scales of reaction time (ns to ms) and dimension (nm to mm). Particular emphasis is given to the synergy between plasma-phase and surface reactions. In addition, typical materials (both catalytic and noncatalytic) and experimental setups that can affect the selectivities of oxygenated products are also highlighted.

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“…In this context, CO 2 reutilization to synthesize syngas, valuable fuels, or chemical compounds as well as pure CO 2 dissociation into CO and O 2 is of a special interest. Large efforts have been made to develop energy-efficient technologies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nonthermal plasma technology is considered to be an attractive alternative to other (classical) technologies for converting inert carbon emissions (such as CO 2 ) into valuable fuels and chemicals, due to its nonequilibrium characteristics, environmental-safety, scalability, and low power requirements [6]. The fundamental properties and usefulness of the nonthermal plasmas for conversion of carbon dioxide as well as for related plasma technologies are extensively reviewed by Fridman [6], Zou and Liu [7], and by the other numerous authors. Nonthermal plasmas including dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) [8][9][10][11][12][13], microwave discharges (MWs) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], gliding arc plasmatrons (GAPs) [22][23][24], glow discharges [25], radio frequency (RF) discharges [26], and corona discharge [27] have been investigated for CO 2 conversion so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Plasma Catalysis in the Microwave Plasma‐Assisted Conversion of CO2

Chen¹,

Britun²,

Marie‐PauleDelplancke‐Ogletree³

et al. 2017

Green Chemical Processing and Synthesis

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Climate change and global warming caused by the increasing emissions of greenhouse gases (such as CO 2) recently attract attention of the scientific community. The combination of plasma and catalysis is of great interest for turning plasma chemistry in applications related to pollution and energy issues. In this chapter, our recent research efforts related to optimization of the conversion of CO 2 and CO 2 /H 2 O mixtures in a pulsed surface-wave sustained microwave discharge are presented. The effects of different plasma operating conditions and catalyst preparation methods on the CO 2 conversion and its energy efficiency are discussed. It is demonstrated that, compared to the plasma-only case, the CO 2 conversion and energy efficiency can be enhanced by a factor of ∼2.1 by selecting the appropriate conditions. The catalyst characterization shows that Ar plasma treatment results in a higher density of oxygen vacancies and a comparatively uniform distribution of NiO on the TiO 2 surface, which strongly influence CO 2 conversion and energy efficiencies of this process. The dissociative electron attachment of CO 2 at the catalyst surface enhanced by the oxygen vacancies and plasma electrons may explain the increase of conversion and energy efficiencies in this case. A mechanism of plasma-catalytic conversion of CO 2 at the catalyst surface in CO 2 and CO 2 /H 2 O mixtures is proposed.

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Utilization of Carbon Dioxide through Nonthermal Plasma Approaches

Cited by 18 publications

References 72 publications

Sustainable Ammonia and Advanced Symbiotic Fertilizer Production Using Catalytic Multi-Reaction-Zone Reactors with Nonthermal Plasma and Simultaneous Reactive Separation

Sustainable Ammonia and Advanced Symbiotic Fertilizer Production Using Catalytic Multi-Reaction-Zone Reactors with Nonthermal Plasma and Simultaneous Reactive Separation

Review of Plasma-Assisted Catalysis for Selective Generation of Oxygenates from CO₂ and CH₄

Role of Plasma Catalysis in the Microwave Plasma‐Assisted Conversion of CO2

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Utilization of Carbon Dioxide through Nonthermal Plasma Approaches

Cited by 18 publications

References 72 publications

Sustainable Ammonia and Advanced Symbiotic Fertilizer Production Using Catalytic Multi-Reaction-Zone Reactors with Nonthermal Plasma and Simultaneous Reactive Separation

Sustainable Ammonia and Advanced Symbiotic Fertilizer Production Using Catalytic Multi-Reaction-Zone Reactors with Nonthermal Plasma and Simultaneous Reactive Separation

Review of Plasma-Assisted Catalysis for Selective Generation of Oxygenates from CO2 and CH4

Role of Plasma Catalysis in the Microwave Plasma‐Assisted Conversion of CO2

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Review of Plasma-Assisted Catalysis for Selective Generation of Oxygenates from CO₂ and CH₄