Utilization of chitosan extracted from shrimp shell waste in wastewater treatment as low cost biosorbent

Abstract

Chitin, which is the second most abundant biopolymer next to cellulose, and can be extracted commercially from the shells of crustacean (such as crabs, shrimps, prawns, krill), insects, fungi, and yeast. It can be converted into chitosan by partially deacetylation process. chitosan, has unique and distinctive features like, biodegradability, nontoxicity, high reactivity, excellent chelation behavior due to the presence of amine and hydroxyl functional groups which show high adsorption potential for various aquatic pollutions, and low cost in comparison with other adsorbents. Chitosan was successfully produced in the laboratory from shell waste. The yield was about 42.34 gm dry chitosan with ratio of 15.3% from the dry shells. The produced chitosan has good solubility in 1% acetic acid solution, it achieved up to 96.3%. It has % D.D.A. with value of 63% to 80%. However, it has good performance in removal of metals from industrial wastewater, it is not recommended to use it in the raw form due to presence of undesirable characters; such as low mechanical strength, swelling, and solubility in acidic media. chitosan/Activated carbon composite overcome these undesirable features in chitosan and gave good performance in the remediation of wastewater.

Enhancing Wastewater Depollution: Sustainable Biosorption Using Chemically Modified Chitosan Derivatives for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals and Dyes

“…The N 2 adsorption–desorption findings (see Table 1 ) demonstrate a notable enhancement in the surface area, pore volume, and pore size of the extracted chitosan (7.43 m 2 /g) in comparison with the commercial chitosan (0.27 m 2 /g). The observed morphology by SEM of the extracted chitosan confirms the presence of significant pores at the surface, which are not present in the commercial case [ 37 , 38 ], while the disparity in nitrogen adsorption (0.27 m 2 /g vs. 7.43 m 2 /g) suggests incomplete deacetylation during extraction of the chitosan. Residual acetyl groups could hinder pore formation, explaining the lower surface area.…”

Current and Expected Trends for the Marine Chitin/Chitosan and Collagen Value Chains

“…The application of chitin/chitosan and its derivatives in water treatment is also expected to increase, given that the antimicrobial, pollutant-binding capacity and flocculant activity of these bioactive compounds may replace fossil-based or other products which harm the environment in the treatment of water and wastewater [119,141]. The water treatment chemicals market was valued at USD 23.500 million in 2018 [141] and it is also expected to grow [16,93,142].…”

Chemical Modification and Characterization of Chitosan for Pharmaceutical Applications

“…Chitosan is a semi-synthetic aminopolysaccharide originally derived from the natural biopolymer chitin by deacetylation. After cellulose, Chitin is the most abundant renewable polysaccharide within the marine environment and one among the most abundant polymer in the world [2]. The discovery of chitin and chitosan emerged with the work of Henry Braconnot at 1811 [3], Odier in 1823 [4], and Rouget in 1859 was the first who discover the chitosan entity [5].…”