Utilization of current pyrolysis technology to convert biomass and manure waste into biochar for soil remediation: A review

Tan, Shimeng; Zhou, Guoying; Yang, Qi; Ge, Shengbo; Liu, Junang; Cheng, Yoke Wang; Yek, Peter Nai Yuh; Mahari, Wan Adibah Wan; Kong, Sieng Huat; Chang, Jo‐Shu; Sonne, Christian; Chong, William Woei Fong; Lam, Su Shiung

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160990

Cited by 44 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Therefore, not all biochars can raise soil CEC or oxidise to do so over time [120]. In fact, although many studies report an increase in CEC of soils amended with biochar [12], these are often degraded, poor soils with an inherently low CEC. For example, work done by Martinsen et al [125] reported the influence of three different biochars on 31 different soils, which were all acidic and had a low-to medium-range CEC.…”

Section: The Influence Of Ph Cation Exchange Capacity and Electron Sh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 provides a selected range of biochar nutrient levels. Biochar can also have a liming effect, influencing pH such that nutrients become more available [12,13]. Most biochars have a high pH (when compared to soil), which results from their ash content and base cations, but also due to intrinsic alkaline organic functional groups [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Different Biochar Characteristics on Soil Nitrogen Transformation Processes: A Review

Davys,

Rayns,

Charlesworth

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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For the last 30 years, interest has focused on biochar and its potential to store carbon in soil to mitigate climate change whilst improving soil properties for increased crop production and, therefore, could play a critical role in both agricultural sustainability and broader environmental aims. Biochar, a carbonaceous product, is formed from organic feedstock pyrolysised in the absence of air and, therefore, is a potential means of recycling organic waste. However, different feedstock and pyrolysis conditions result in a biochar with a range of altered characteristics. These characteristics influence nitrogen transformation processes in soil and result in the metabolism of different substrates and the formation of different products, which have different effects on agricultural yield. This paper reviews how the production of biochar, from varying feedstock and pyrolysis conditions, results in different biochar characteristics that influence each stage of the nitrogen cycle, namely processes involved in fixation, assimilation, mineralisation and denitrification. The nitrogen cycle is briefly outlined, providing a structure for the following discussion on influential biochar characteristics including carbon composition (whether recalcitrant or rapidly metabolisable), mineral composition, surface area, porosity, cation exchange capacity, inhibitory substances and pH and so on. Hence, after the addition of biochar to soil, microbial biomass and diversity, soil porosity, bulk density, water-holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, pH and other parameters change, but that change is subject to the type and amount of biochar. Hence, products from soil-based nitrogen transformation processes, which may be beneficial for plant growth, are highly dependent on biochar characteristics. The paper concludes with a diagrammatic summation of the influence of biochar on each phase of the nitrogen cycle, which, it is hoped, will serve as a reference for both students and biochar practitioners.

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Section: The Influence Of Ph Cation Exchange Capacity and Electron Sh...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Different Biochar Characteristics on Soil Nitrogen Transformation Processes: A Review

Davys,

Rayns,

Charlesworth

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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“…However, it remains unclear whether this inhibitory effect can be sustained when large amounts of particulate organic matter are trapped in saltmarshes. The performance of biochar is mainly determined by feedstocks and production conditions (Luo et al 2016;Yang et al 2020;Tan et al 2023). Furthermore, biochar aging in the soil leads to alterations in soil properties, which has either positive or negative effects on the soil (Wang et al 2021;Yang et al 2022bYang et al , 2022aQiu et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar mitigates the mineralization of allochthonous organic matter and global warming potential of saltmarshes by influencing functional bacteria

Zhang,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Carbon Res.

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Saltmarshes are suffering from severe degradation due to anthropogenic activities, leading to the loss of blue carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Given the significant potential of biochar in mitigating climate change, adding biochar to saltmarshes would alleviate this situation. This study investigated the effects of different biochar (made from Spartina alterniflora, corn straw, and Laminaria japonica) and their aged biochar on the carbon fraction contents, GHG emissions, and microbial community structure of saltmarsh soils with allochthonous organic matter (Enteromorpha prolifera) addition. After 60 days of incubation, total organic carbon (TOC) loss and global warming potential (GWP) of biochar-amended soils were reduced by 67.29–124.33% and 4.91–123.24%, respectively (p < 0.05). Biochar reduced the proportion of labile carbon (dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC)) in organic carbon by 61.92–86.15% (p < 0.05). In addition, biochar reduced the relative abundance of specific functional bacteria (inc. cellulolysis, aromatic compound degradation, and xylanolysis) involved in organic carbon decomposition by 20.02–37.82% (p < 0.05). These results suggest that even in the presence of high levels of liable organic matter, the application of biochar to saltmarshes has a sustained effect in promoting carbon accumulation and reducing GHG emissions, and this effect is regulated by a decrease of functional bacteria associated with carbon metabolism. Therefore, the in situ study of biochar on restoring carbon sink function of saltmarshes is proposed for practical engineering in future. Graphical Abstract

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“…Thermochemical conversion is one of the important and efficient ways to utilize biomass, in which pyrolysis occupies an important place among thermochemical conversion methods. Pyrolysis is a widely used thermal process to transform biomass under an inert atmosphere into value added solid, liquid, and gas products (Tan et al 2022;Vuppaladadiyam et al 2022). Yields of products (liquid, solid, and gas) vary depending on the process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, residence time, heating rate, biomass type, etc., in pyrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of bio-oil via catalytic pyrolysis of medlar seeds

Topak

Akalın

2023

BioRes

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The pyrolysis of medlar seeds was performed at 350, 450, 550, and 650 °C with and without K2CO3, MgO, and expanded perlite (10 wt%). The maximum dichloromethane extract yield (6.70 wt%) was obtained at 450 °C in the pyrolysis experiments without catalyst, while the maximum bio-oil yield (50.3 wt%) was obtained at 650 °C in the presence of perlite. The dichloromethane extract and bio-oil yields decreased noticeably with the use of MgO and K2CO3. The bio-oils obtained from the non-catalytic runs mainly consisted of phenolic compounds. The use of catalysts had a noticeable effect on the composition and higher heating values of the bio-oils. The use of K2CO3 increased the relative content of 2-methoxyphenol at all tested temperatures and the relative content of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenol increased with the use of expanded perlite at above 550 °C, while the use of MgO led to an increase in the relative content of 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenol at above 550 °C. The bio-oil with the maximum higher heating value (30.4 MJ/kg) was obtained at 450 °C with the use of perlite. This study showed that medlar seeds are a good alternative source of waste biomass in the production of bio-oil that can be used as a biofuel.

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Utilization of current pyrolysis technology to convert biomass and manure waste into biochar for soil remediation: A review

Cited by 44 publications

References 123 publications

The Effect of Different Biochar Characteristics on Soil Nitrogen Transformation Processes: A Review

The Effect of Different Biochar Characteristics on Soil Nitrogen Transformation Processes: A Review

Biochar mitigates the mineralization of allochthonous organic matter and global warming potential of saltmarshes by influencing functional bacteria

Production of bio-oil via catalytic pyrolysis of medlar seeds

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