Utilization of date stones for production of activated carbon using phosphoric acid

Surface properties of activated carbon prepared from wastes

“…The pores are thought to be formed partly due to evolution of gaseous carbonization products (such as CH 4 , CO 2 , H 2 , H 2 O) through the carbonaceous masses and partly due to the metallic salts produced as a result of reactions during carbonization. Investigations showed that KOH is dehydrated to K 2 O, which reacts with CO 2 produced by the water-shift reaction to give K 2 CO 3 . Removal of these metal salts from the internal volume of the carbon during the washing step creates the porosity in the structure.…”

“…[1] Of the various porous materials, activated carbon is the most widely used for environmental applications such as gas separation, solvent recovery and water purification because of its high specific surface area and pore volume. [2] Many agricultural byproducts and animal wastes have been used as sources for activated carbon, such as date stones, [3] corn cob, [4] pistachio shells, [5] cassava peel, [6] olive cake, [7] broiler manure, [8] cow dung [9] and cattle manure. [10] There are two processes for preparation of activated carbon: physical and chemical activation.…”

Thermogravimetric and spectroscopic study (TG–DTA/FT–IR) of activated carbon from the renewable biomass source Babassu

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Such adsorbents may be derived from various sources like minerals and lignocellulosic material, even though the AC production from minerals presents some important disadvantages like high cost, low yields in carbonization and high ash content. [7][8][9][10] Alternatively, lignocellulosic materials from agro--industrial and agricultural wastes such as peels, seeds or bagasse offer great potential to be used as raw carbon precursors due to their high carbon content and already proven high adsorption capacity. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Babassu is a palm tree which belongs to the family Palmae, species Orbignya phalerata.…”

A New Activated Carbon Prepared from Sago Palm Bark through Physiochemical Activated Process with Zinc Chloride

“…Because of their availability and abundance, agricultural products are considered an excellent source to produce AC [5]. The most commonly used raw materials among these agricultural byproducts were palm of date [6,7], palm oil waste [8,9,10], woods [11,12,13,14], coconut shell [15,16,17], bagasse [18]. A waste material converted to AC is a great potential form of waste recycling [19,20,21].…”