Utilization of de-oiled algal biomass for enhancing vehicular quality biodiesel production from Chlorella sp. in mixotrophic cultivation systems

Katiyar, Richa; Bharti, Randhir K.; Gurjar, Bhola R.; Kumar, Amit; Biswas, Shalini; Pruthi, Vikas

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.037

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…ANOVA showed that 18:1 underwent statistically significantly increased, 16:0 and 18:3 underwent statistically significant decreased, and 18:2 and non-C16/C18 fatty acids (other) exhibited no statistically significant change under both conditions, while 16:1 and 18:0 changed more during N-deficient cultivation than they did during N-rich cultivation. The results that the significant effect of nutrient limitation on fatty acid profiles were also found in some previous studies [18, 22, 40].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The most feasible strategy to overcome this bottleneck is two-stage strategy, with a biomass production stage under suitable growth conditions, followed by a lipid accumulation stage under stress conditions [1, 16–19]. As the most common stress conditions used in the two-stage strategy [1, 20], N-deficiency caused by a medium excluding nitrogen or containing little nitrogen [12, 14, 19, 21] can induce cellular carbon flux is changed to lipid synthesis instead of carbohydrate and proteins [22], which drastically increases the lipid content in microalgae. It is hypothesized that induction by stress conditions accompanies with night, when the growth of microalgae is always ceased, can minimize, and even reverse the negative effect of nighttime on the lipid accumulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization and optimization of endogenous lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris SDEC-3M ability to rapidly accumulate lipid for reversing nightly lipid loss

Pei

et al. 2019

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background During inevitable light/dark cycle, lipid productivity of outdoor microalgae photoautotrophic cultivation is lowered by nightly biomass and lipid loss. To minimize, or even reverse the nightly lipid loss, it was expected that lipid accumulation would not cease, even if at night. Without relying on photosynthesis and organic matter in media, endogenous lipid accumulation that consumes energy and carbon sources derived from cells themselves, namely endogenous accumulation, is the only way for lipid production. The main aims of the present study was to characteristic endogenously accumulated lipid, confirm feasibility to reverse nightly lipid loss, and determine optimal conditions and its quality suitability for biodiesel feedstock production under stress conditions. Results Chlorella vulgaris SDEC-3M ability to rapidly accumulated lipid under stress conditions was cultivated for 12 h in darkness, and the effects of various conditions on lipid accumulation and biomass loss were analyzed. Under non-stress conditions, lipid contents dropped. Under certain stress conditions, conversely, the lipid contents were substantially improved so that net nightly endogenous lipid accumulation was observed. Under the optimal conditions (aeration mode with 0.10 vvm and 15% CO 2 , 5–10 mg L −1 of NO 3 − -N, 30–35 °C, approximate 2500 mg L −1 of biomass), the lipid content was doubled and increased lipid was approximately 180 mg L −1 . Among stress conditions, N-deficiency had the most significant effect on endogenous lipid accumulation, and the optimum results were characterized under relatively low-N concentrations. Higher consistency between loss in carbohydrate and gain in lipid confirmed accumulated lipid endogenously conversed from carbohydrate. Based on the analyses of fatty acids profiles and prediction of kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, cloud point, cetane number and iodine value, it was confirmed that the quality of lipid obtained under optimal conditions complied with biodiesel quality standards. Conclusion Via triggering endogenous lipid accumulation by stress conditions, even in darkness, SDEC-3M can synthesize enough lipid suitable for biodiesel feedstock. It implies that the lipid accumulation phase in two-phase strategy can be scheduled at night, and following biomass production stage in light, which should be a solution to improve the lipid yield and quality of large-scale outdoor photoautotrophic microalgae cultivation for biodiesel production.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and optimization of endogenous lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris SDEC-3M ability to rapidly accumulate lipid for reversing nightly lipid loss

Pei

et al. 2019

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…According to Katiyar et al [28] a high amount of SFAs leads to a high cetane number, indicating complete combustion of biodiesel and smooth engine run, making biodiesel more suitable for vehicles. On the other hand, the formation of pollutants (low emission of NOx) is inversely proportional to the cetane number.…”

Section: Productivity and Fuel Quality Of S Obliquus-based Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and Biodiesel Quality of Fatty Acids Contents from Scenedesmus obliquus in Domestic Wastewater Using Phototrophic and Mixotrophic Cultivation Systems

Ruiz-Marín¹,

Canedo-López²,

Narváez-García³

et al. 2018

TOBIOTJ

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Background:Microalgae remove nutrients from wastewater with the possibility of grow in mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultures. However, the effluent quality can modify the profile of fatty acids and biodiesel quality.Methods:Phototrophic and mixotrophic (light / dark; 12/12 h) cultures ofScenedesmus obliquuson domestic wastewater (WW) and Artificial Wastewater (AW) was carried out to evaluate the lipid accumulation and fatty acid methyl esters profile. The microalgae was first cultivated in an enriched medium (90 mg N-NH4 L-1) and subsequently under nitrogen limitation (30, 20 and 10 mg N L-1) using a two-stage process for both culture media.Results:A higher cell density in enriched AW medium was obtained in phototrophic and mixotrophic culture of 19 x 106cell mL-1and 20 x 106cell mL-1, respectively; than for WW (13 x 106cell mL-1and 14 x 106cell mL-1, respectively). The nitrogen limitation (from 90 to 20 mg N L-1) for AW increased the lipid content by 5.0% and 17.28% under phototrophic and mixotrophic conditions, respectively and only 5% for WW in mixotrophic culture.Conclusion:The high Cetane Number (CN) show a positive correlation with high Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) content and negative correlation with the Degree of Saturation (DU), suggesting a good ignition of fuel. The Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) (-6.02 to -8.45 °C) and Oxidative Stability (OS) (3.53 - 6.6 h) propose toScenedesmus obliquusas a candidate in the production of biodiesel and potential application for an integral urban wastewater treatment system.

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“…On the other hand, the tubular PBR system shows the lowest production costs mainly due to the high productivity of biomass that leads to a reduction in the cost of feedstock. The open cultivation system is easy and inexpensive for microalgae cultivation, but this system requires a high supply of water that leads to an increase in operational costs 106,137 . The cost of the third generation biofuel is high, ranging between $0.44/L to $8.76/L which is not economically competitive with fuels derived from fossil fuels 104 …”

Section: Cost Of Biofuel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of the four generations of biofuels – A review

et al. 2020

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Biofuel has emerged as an alternative source of energy to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and combat global warming. Biofuels are classified into first, second, third and fourth generations. Each of the biofuel generations aims to meet the global energy demand while minimizing environmental impacts. Sustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the current generations without jeopardizing the needs of future generations. The aim of sustainability is to ensure continuous growth of the economy while protecting the environment and societal needs. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of these four generations of biofuels. The objectives are to compare the production of biofuel, the net greenhouse gases emissions, and energy efficiency. This study is important in providing information for the policymakers and researchers in the decision-making for the future development of green energy. Each of the biofuel generations shows different benefits and drawbacks. From this study, we conclude that the first generation biofuel has the highest biofuel production and energy efficiency, but is less effective in meeting the goal of reducing the greenhouse gases emission. The third generation biofuel shows the lowest net greenhouse gases emissions, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, the energy required for the processing of the third generation biofuel is higher and, this makes it less environmentally friendly as fossil fuels are used to generate electricity. The third and fourth generation feedstocks are the potential sustainable source for the future production of biofuel. However, more studies need to be done to find an alternative low cost for biofuel production while increasing energy efficiency.

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Utilization of de-oiled algal biomass for enhancing vehicular quality biodiesel production from Chlorella sp. in mixotrophic cultivation systems

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Characterization and optimization of endogenous lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris SDEC-3M ability to rapidly accumulate lipid for reversing nightly lipid loss

Characterization and optimization of endogenous lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris SDEC-3M ability to rapidly accumulate lipid for reversing nightly lipid loss

Productivity and Biodiesel Quality of Fatty Acids Contents from Scenedesmus obliquus in Domestic Wastewater Using Phototrophic and Mixotrophic Cultivation Systems

Sustainability of the four generations of biofuels – A review

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