Utilization of Dietary Fiber from Alfalfa by Growing Swine. I. Apparent Digestibility of Diet Components in Specific Segments of the Gastrointestinal Tract1

Kass, Maria L.; Soest, P.J. Van; Pond, Wilson G.; Lewis, B. A.; McDowell, Robert

doi:10.2527/jas1980.501175x

Cited by 210 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…In this study, the addition of 20% DDGS, SBP and FRM to the pig diets decreased the protein digestibility by 0.20%, 0.13% and 0.22% per g NDF/kg diet, respectively, and confirmed the results of Zervas and Zijlstra (2002). Kass et al (1980) showed that growth rate and feed efficiency in pigs are reduced as the dietary fibre level is increased. Several mechanisms account for this phenomenon: (i) dietary fibre serves to dilute the dietary energy content; (ii) the energetic efficiency of absorbed VFA resulting from microbial fermentation of fibre in the large intestine is lower compared with glucose absorption in the small intestine (Grieshop et al, 2001); (iii) the dietary fibre-mineral interactions reduce N utilisation and increase rates of passages (Calvert, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

Jarret

Martinez

Dourmad

2011

Animal

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of incorporation into pig diets of 20% of different co-products from the biofuel industries, which are rich in fibre, on animal growth performance, on nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) excretions, and on the subsequent ammonia volatilisation and methane production during the storage of slurry. Five experimental diets mainly based on wheat and soyabean meal were formulated: two control diets, a control high-protein (CHP) diet with 17.5% of crude protein (CP) and a control low-protein (CLP) diet with 14.0% of CP and three experimental diets with 20% of (i) dried distiller's grain with solubles (DDGS), (ii) sugar beet pulp (SBP) or (iii) fatty rapeseed meal (FRM). The animals used (20 castrated males) were housed individually in metabolism cages and fed one of the five diets (i.e. four pigs per diet). Urine and faeces were collected separately from each pig in order to measure nutrient digestibility and the excretory patterns of N and C. For each diet, ammonia volatilisation was measured from samples of slurry subsequently produced, over a 16-day storage period in a laboratory pilot scale system. The ultimate methane potential (B 0, expressed in litres CH 4 /kg organic matter (OM)) was measured from the same slurry, for each diet, in anaerobic storage conditions over 100 days. The addition of sources of fibres to the diet decreased (P , 0.05) the animal growth performance by 13% and increased (P , 0.05) the amount of faeces excreted by 100%, whereas the amount of urine was not affected. For the high-fibre diets, there was a shift of N partitioning from urine to faeces, resulting in a much higher faecal N excretion (10 v. 5 g N/pig per day). Concurrently, the fibre enrichment in diets significantly increased (P , 0.05) the C content of the faeces by 68%. Ammonia emission from slurry was significantly reduced (P , 0.05) by 19% to 33% for the high-fibre diets, compared to the CHP diet. Ammonia emission was also reduced (P , 0.05) by 33% for the CLP compared to the CHP diet. B 0 values ranged from 428 to 484 l CH 4 /kg OM. When these are expressed per pig and per day, the B 0 from slurry was, on average, 70 l for the two control diets, and 121, 91 and 130 l for the slurry originating from the DDGS, SBP and FRM diets, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

Jarret

Martinez

Dourmad

2011

Animal

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“…However, this result disagrees with another study [11,13] which reported an increased visceral weight in response to a high fiber intake. Jin et al [12] discussed that such a decreased result due to fiber would be affected by longer feeding periods than the two weeks of his study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Digestibility of Soybean and Pigeon Pea Seed Meals and Morphological Intestinal Alterations in Pigs

Mekbungwan

Thongwittaya

Yamauchi

2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To compare the nutrient digestibility of soybean meal (SM) and pigeon pea seed meal (PM) as well as morphological intestinal alterations in piglets fed them, three pigs per group were randomly selected at the end of the feeding experiment for ten days. Growth performance was higher in the SM group than in the PM group (p<0.05). The digestibility of crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber was 80.6%, 23.6% and 52.4% in the SM group, while in the PM group, values of 49.8%, 23.6% and 43.2% were observed, respectively. Digestible energy was 3.26 kcal g -1 in SM and 3.17 kcal g -1 in PM. It was concluded that the digestibility of PM was lower than that of SM; almost half of the protein in PM was digested. Dietary treatments had no effect on length of each small intestinal segment and weight of visceral organs (small intestine, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, stomach and lung) except the decreased kidney weight in the PM group (p<0.05). The epithelial cells on the jejunal villi showed a dome-like shape in the SM group, but they were a flat shape in the PM group. The present digestion trial and histological intestinal data suggest that the intestinal digestive and absorptive functions are much more atrophied in the PM group than in the SM group, and demonstrate that histological intestinal alterations might be well related with the intestinal functions. KEY WORDS: digestibility, pigeon pea seed, soybean meal, swine.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(6): 627-633, 2004 Soybean meal (SM) is an important legume in the human diet, and also provides a large proportion of dietary plant protein in animal feed. The use of alternative legume seeds is encouraged to supply a constant plant protein source in animal feed and to reduce dependence on SM imported to Thailand. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is a perennial legume indigenous to tropical and sub-tropical regions, and pigeon pea seed meal (PM) has been studied widely from nutritional [20,30] and growth performance [4,7,20] standpoints. Although its use is limited by the higher content of anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors than SM [2,34], Ene-Obong [7] has reported that such anti-nutritional factors do not cause problems in animals based on in vitro protein digestibility. In feeding experiments, PM could substitute SM in diets for pig based on growth performance [20]. However, a clear understanding of the nutrient digestibility in PM is still lacking. For ruminants, PM could be substituted for SM in diets based on its digestibility in sheep [4]. Compared with digestion trials using herbivores, the use of omnivores is crucial due to effects of feed ingredients other than PM on digestibility. In poultry, the metabolic energy of maize was established by feeding only one dietary component [6]. Amino acid digestibility of vetch was measured by force-feeding only one source of protein [8]. It was therefore concluded that an ingredient-feeding method described by these authors would be the most suitable method as an initial experiment of the digestibil...

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“…Kyriazakis & Emmans (1995) relataram que, ao incluírem altos teores de fibra nas rações, pode ocorrer menor consumo de ração, como conseqüência do volume excessivo no trato intestinal ou da redução na palatabilidade. Segundo Kass et al (1980a), níveis de fibra bruta de 7 a 10% na dieta têm efeito negativo sobre o desempenho de suínos em crescimento e a extensão desse efeito depende da fonte e do tipo de fibra. Neste estudo, o menor consumo ocorreu no nível reduzido de farelo de coco com altos níveis de farelo residual de milho e também no nível mais alto.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Desempenho bioeconômico de suínos em crescimento e terminação alimentados com rações contendo farelo de coco

et al. 2008

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de suínos em crescimento e terminação alimentados com rações contendo farelo de coco. Foram utilizados 20 suínos machos castrados mestiços Landrace × Large White com 19,7 ± 2,9 kg de peso vivo inicial e 89,2 ± 5,8 kg de peso vivo final distribuídos em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (0, 10, 20 ou 30% de farelo de coco) e cinco repetições. Avaliaram-se o desempenho, o ganho de peso médio diário, o consumo de ração médio diário e a conversão alimentar nas fases de crescimento (65 a 107 dias de idade) e crescimento-terminação (65 a 149 dias de idade). Os parâmetros econômicos avaliados foram a receita bruta média, o custo médio da alimentação, a margem bruta média e a rentabilidade média. Os melhores resultados de ganho de peso médio diário e receita bruta média na fase de crescimento foram obtidos com o nível de 22,5% de farelo de coco na ração. Na fase de crescimento-terminação, a receita bruta média no período total indica que é possível incluir 22,4% de farelo de coco em dietas para suínos formuladas com farelo residual de milho e farelo de soja.Palavras-chave: alimento alternativo, farelo residual de milho, nutrição de suínos Bioeconomic performance of growing -finishing pigs fed diet with coconut mealABSTRACT -The objective was to evaluate the performance of growing-finishing pigs fed diet with coconut meal.Twenty crossbred Large White × Landrace barrows with initial 19.7 ± 2.9 kg BW and final 89.2 ± 5.8 kg BW were allotted to complete a randomized blocks design with four levels (0, 10, 20 or 30%) of coconut meal and five replications. Performance traits, as average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio in grower phase (65 to 107 days old) and grower-finisher phase (65 to 149 days old) were evaluated. Economic parameters evaluated were: average gross income, average feed cost, gross margin and average return. The best results of average weight daily gain and average gross income in the grower phase were obtained with the level of 22.5% of coconut meal in the diet. In grower-finisher phase, the average gross income in total period indicates that it is possible to include 22.4% of coconut meal in diets for pigs raised with residual corn meal and soybean meal.Key Words: alternative feed, nutrition of pigs, residual corn meal Introdução A necessidade de utilização de ingredientes alternativos em dietas para suínos em crescimento e terminação, com o objetivo de reduzir custos de produção, é constante na suinocultura (Andrade, 2001).O coqueiro (Cocos nucifera L.) é originário do sudeste asiático e é cultivado em grande parte das ilhas e regiões litorâneas tropicais. No Brasil, as maiores plantações concentram-se nas regiões costeiras dos estados do Nordeste em área estimada de 200 mil hectares. A Bahia é, atualmente, o maior produtor brasileiro seguido pelo Ceará, Sergipe e Alagoas. Nas condições de industrialização do coco no Brasil o rendimento médio de farelo é de 16 toneladas por hectare ao ano (FIBGE, 2006). O...

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Utilization of Dietary Fiber from Alfalfa by Growing Swine. I. Apparent Digestibility of Diet Components in Specific Segments of the Gastrointestinal Tract1

Cited by 210 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

Digestibility of Soybean and Pigeon Pea Seed Meals and Morphological Intestinal Alterations in Pigs

Desempenho bioeconômico de suínos em crescimento e terminação alimentados com rações contendo farelo de coco

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