Utilization of diets amended with yeast and amino acids for the control of aflatoxicosis

Baptista, A. S.; Abdalla, Adibe Luiz; Aguiar, Cláudio Lima de; Baptista, Ana Angelita Sampaio; Micheluchi, David; Zampronio, Aleksander Roberto; Pires, D. S.; Glória, Eduardo Micotti da; Calori‐Domingues, Maria Antonia; Walder, Júlio Marcos Melges; Vizioli, Mário Roberto; Horii, Jorge

doi:10.1007/s11274-008-9776-5

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This result has shown that EG is an important adsorbent in decreasing the detrimental effects of AFs. This finding was in agreement with the previous reports [8, 10, 19]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Lakkawar et al [6] reported that liver was the most affected organ in rabbits fed an AFB 1 contaminated diet. The effects of AFs on histopathological changes are directly correlated with the concentration of AF and the duration of the exposure [19]. The vacuolar hepatocellular change in animals that were fed 1.6 ppm AFB 1 diet continuously throughout 40 weeks was more than animals that were fed diets that contained 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.4, or 1.6 ppm AFB 1 , using an intermittent dosing regimen, 4 weeks on and 4 weeks off AFB 1 [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Histopathological findings that were caused by AFs in liver were reported as enlarged nuclei, nuclear inclusions, and swollen hepatocytes [19]. Enlarged hepatocytes can arise from stored metabolism products as a result of shown activities when these cells perform metabolic activities [21], and the AF metabolites arising from the effects of some of the enzymes which react with hepatocyte DNA are thought to be caused by mutations in the nucleus [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some researchers have reported cellular disorganization characterized by the accumulation of pigments [19]. In cat's liver which has primary hepatic lipidosis, Gul et al [31] have seen ceroid pigmentation which is Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) positive, freely or shaped yellow large droplets in cytoplasm of hepatocyte/Kupffer cells, and more intense in the periportal areas of the liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Aflatoxin on Liver and Protective Effectiveness of Esterified Glucomannan in Merino Rams

Çolakoğlu

Dönmez

2012

The Scientific World Journal

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The effects of total aflatoxin (AF) given orally on liver in Merino rams were studied. In addition, this study was conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of an esterified glucomannan (EG) for protection against aflatoxicosis. One-year-old 32 Merino rams were divided into four equal groups. The control group (C) was fed with the commercial feed. The AF group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 μg/day of total AF. The EG group was fed with commercial feed plus 2 g/day of EG. The AF + EG group was fed with commercial feed plus 250 μg/day of total AF and 2 g/day of EG. After feeding period, tissue samples were taken from the liver in order to perform histological analyses. Vacuolar degeneration with small and large droplets and hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes were observed in the AF group. The ceroid pigmentation was observed in macrophages in groups or one by one. It was observed that the fat rate in hepatocytes was 2.6% in the C group, 35.5% in the AF group, 2.9% in the EG group, and 9.6% in the AF + EG group. In conclusion, the adverse effects caused by aflatoxicosis on the liver could be ameliorated by adding EG to the ration.

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“…This result has shown that EG is an important adsorbent in decreasing the detrimental effects of AFs. This finding was in agreement with the previous reports [8, 10, 19]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Aflatoxin on Liver and Protective Effectiveness of Esterified Glucomannan in Merino Rams

Çolakoğlu

Dönmez

2012

The Scientific World Journal

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“…These include the following observations: The amino acid cysteine and methionine and yeast inhibited aflatoxicosis in rats [9,23]. …”

Section: Aflatoxin B1 (Afb1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Inhibition of Biological Activities of Food-Related Selected Toxins by Natural Compounds

Friedman

Rasooly

2013

Toxins

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There is a need to develop food-compatible conditions to alter the structures of fungal, bacterial, and plant toxins, thus transforming toxins to nontoxic molecules. The term ‘chemical genetics’ has been used to describe this approach. This overview attempts to survey and consolidate the widely scattered literature on the inhibition by natural compounds and plant extracts of the biological (toxicological) activity of the following food-related toxins: aflatoxin B1, fumonisins, and ochratoxin A produced by fungi; cholera toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae bacteria; Shiga toxins produced by E. coli bacteria; staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria; ricin produced by seeds of the castor plant Ricinus communis; and the glycoalkaloid α-chaconine synthesized in potato tubers and leaves. The reduction of biological activity has been achieved by one or more of the following approaches: inhibition of the release of the toxin into the environment, especially food; an alteration of the structural integrity of the toxin molecules; changes in the optimum microenvironment, especially pH, for toxin activity; and protection against adverse effects of the toxins in cells, animals, and humans (chemoprevention). The results show that food-compatible and safe compounds with anti-toxin properties can be used to reduce the toxic potential of these toxins. Practical applications and research needs are suggested that may further facilitate reducing the toxic burden of the diet. Researchers are challenged to (a) apply the available methods without adversely affecting the nutritional quality, safety, and sensory attributes of animal feed and human food and (b) educate food producers and processors and the public about available approaches to mitigating the undesirable effects of natural toxins that may present in the diet.

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How does active yeast supplementation reduce the deleterious effects of aflatoxins in Wistar rats? A radiolabeled assay and histopathological study

Sica,

Domingues,

Mota

et al. 2024

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) control the toxic effects of aflatoxins, which are not yet fully understood. Radiolabeled aflatoxin B1 (AFB13H) was administered by gavage to Wistar rats fed with aflatoxin (AflDiet) and aflatoxin supplemented with active dehydrated yeast Y904 (AflDiet + Yeast). The distribution of AFB13H and its metabolites were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h by tracking back of the radioactivity. No significant differences were observed between the AflDiet and AflDiet + Yeast groups in terms of the distribution of labeled aflatoxin. At 72 h, for the AflDiet group the radiolabeled aflatoxin was distributed as following: feces (79.5%), carcass (10.5%), urine (1.7%), and intestine (7.4%); in the AflDiet + Yeast the following distribution was observed: feces (76%), carcass (15%), urine (2.9%), and intestine (4.9%). These values were below 1% in other organs. These findings indicate that even after 72 h considerable amounts of aflatoxins remains in the intestines, which may play a significant role in the distribution and metabolism of aflatoxins and its metabolites over time. The presence of yeast may not significantly affect this process. Furthermore, histopathological examination of hepatic tissues showed that the presence of active yeast reduced the severity of liver damage caused by aflatoxins, indicating that yeasts control aflatoxin damage through biochemical mechanisms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of yeasts against aflatoxin toxicity. Graphical abstract

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Utilization of diets amended with yeast and amino acids for the control of aflatoxicosis

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Aflatoxin on Liver and Protective Effectiveness of Esterified Glucomannan in Merino Rams

Effects of Aflatoxin on Liver and Protective Effectiveness of Esterified Glucomannan in Merino Rams

Review of the Inhibition of Biological Activities of Food-Related Selected Toxins by Natural Compounds

How does active yeast supplementation reduce the deleterious effects of aflatoxins in Wistar rats? A radiolabeled assay and histopathological study

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