Utilization of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge as Cement Replacement to Mitigate Alkali–Silica Reaction in Cement Composites

Duan, Weiwei; Zhuge, Yan; Pham, Phuong Ngoc; Chow, Christopher W.K.; Keegan, Alexandra; Liu, Yue

doi:10.3390/jcs4040171

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For instance, the CB-30-N exhibits a significant sign of surface spalling and loss of corner parts, but the CB-30-C remained structurally intact with a moderate degree of spalling. The other parameters to assess sulfate resistance are also discussed, e.g., mass loss, compressive strength change, and ultrasonic pulse velocity variation (Liu et al, 2020b, c). A similar trend was found with the results of visual inspections.…”

Section: Sulfate Resistancesupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The amount of water treatment sludge, which is a by-product generated during drinking water treatment processes, is consequently increased. In the United States, more than two million tons of sludge are generated from more than 16,000 drinking water treatment systems (Frías et al, 2014). The Googong Water Treatment Plant, located in New South Wales, Australia, which has a 270 ML/day water production rate, is reported to produce approximately 2000 tons of dried sludge annually (Maiden et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How CO2 Curing Can Turn Alum Sludge Into Construction Material

Zhuge¹,

Chow²,

Keegan³

et al. 2021

Water e-Journal

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Alum sludge is produced as a by-product of drinking water treatment processes when aluminium sulfate is used as a coagulant. For the last decade, sludge production has increased significantly with increasing demand for drinking water due to population growth, and a green and economic management strategy is needed for this sludge. Based on our recent studies, alum sludge is a feasible substitute to replace either sand or cement in concrete blocks, which could be an efficient way to dispose of and reuse the sludge as raw material for this concrete product. For sand replacement, oven-dried sludge may deteriorate the mechanical and durability performance of concrete blocks due to its organic content hindering the cement hydration. An advanced technology, named CO2 curing, can improve the performance of sludge-derived concrete, e.g., compressive strength and resistance to sulfate attack. Also, the CO2 curing method has benefits for recycling of the abundant CO2 in the ambient environment. For cement replacement, grinding and calcining procedures have to be applied to eliminate the organic content and activate the pozzolanic activity of sludge. The obtained results show that a maximum of 10% cement can be replaced by alum sludge ash without compromising the mechanical performance of concrete blocks. This paper gives a summary of the latest alum sludge application studied by our research team.

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Section: Sulfate Resistancesupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How CO2 Curing Can Turn Alum Sludge Into Construction Material

Zhuge¹,

Chow²,

Keegan³

et al. 2021

Water e-Journal

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“…2, Dec. 2021 7 achieved the optimized performance to acid attack. However, utilization of the silicious materials, especially as aggregate, has the potential to cause Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) [76,77]. The amorphous silicious aggregate could react with the alkaline from cement pore solution and generate expansive ASR gels, resulting in cracks in cementmatrix and structural failure [78].…”

Section: Siliceous or Aluminosilicates Materials And Crumb Rubbermentioning

confidence: 99%

The durability and rehabilitation technologies of concrete sewerage pipes: A state-of-the-art review

Karmakar¹,

Dauji²,

Kshirsagar³

et al. 2024

JACF

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This paper reviews the literature available on the subject of the durability of concrete sewer pipes and the corresponding rehabilitation technologies. An introduction related to the importance of the sewer system in urban life and its durability issues was first discussed as most people did not recognise the scale and complexity of the underground sewer system. Then the recent development of alternative binder materials or filler materials to improve the acid resistance of concrete was specified. For instance, the effects of alternative binders on the hydration products and the mechanism of biogenic corrosion were discussed in detail. The paper ends with the current rehabilitation technologies and the structural performance of rehabilitated sewer pipes. Also, some suggestions associated with future research were made.

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Studying the effectiveness of sewage sludge ash and its combination with natural pozzolans in controlling alkali–silica reaction

Amirjani,

Maleki,

Ramezanianpour

2024

Structural Concrete

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Sewage sludge ash (SSA), obtained by the incineration of sewage sludge, which is a byproduct of water treatment, could be used as a cement replacement material (CSR) to promote sustainability. SSA characteristics differ due to its different sources, compositions, and incineration methods. On the other hand, extensive investigations have highlighted the CSRs' ability to control alkali–silica reaction (ASR) as a destructive phenomenon, threatening durability. Hence, this study was conducted in order to study the ability of SSA with two finenesses, three replacement levels, and also its ternaries with trass or pumice, as natural pozzolans, to control ASR. The utilized SSA did not meet the requirements of a pozzolan at either finenesses. The results revealed that despite the fact that SSA generally reduced ASR expansion significantly, it only managed to control ASR at 50% replacement level. This was true for both finenesses. Furthermore, ternaries improved resistance against ASR expansion significantly, providing the ability to control ASR at lower replacement levels of SSA. The Si/Ca ratio was the key reason of SSA's ability to control ASR as it contained 1.5 and 2.5 times more SiO2 and Al2O3 than Portland cement respectively, and about one third of its CaO. Scanning electron microscopey (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and mapping confirmed that the relative amounts of Si, Al, and Ca in the SSA was crucial.

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Utilization of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge as Cement Replacement to Mitigate Alkali–Silica Reaction in Cement Composites

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

How CO2 Curing Can Turn Alum Sludge Into Construction Material

How CO2 Curing Can Turn Alum Sludge Into Construction Material

The durability and rehabilitation technologies of concrete sewerage pipes: A state-of-the-art review

Studying the effectiveness of sewage sludge ash and its combination with natural pozzolans in controlling alkali–silica reaction

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