Utilization of fruit waste for H2-rich syngas production via steam co-gasification with brown coal

Gasification Performance of Barley Straw Waste Blended with Lignite for Syngas Production under Steam or Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere

“…At the final temperature, the lignite was converted to gas by 70%, barley straw by 80.7% and the mixture by 73.5%. The higher conversion of barley straw biochar is attributed to its enhanced specific surface area (Table 1) in comparison to the lignite, as well as its enrichment in potassium minerals such as arcanite, sylvite and fairchildite, previously presented in Figure 3, which are known to act as catalysts during the gasification process, increasing the reaction rate and thereby the conversion [4,6,17,19]. From Figure 7, it can be seen that the product gas mixture of both fuels consisted mainly of H 2 , CO 2 and CO and lower amounts of CH 4 .…”

“…As agricultural wastes are generated in large quantities in most countries around the world, at low or no cost, with energy availability ranging between 5 EJ/y and 27 EJ/y [11], the majority of past investigations have studied their co-gasification with high-rank coals, in order to promote their penetration of energy markets and fulfill the Agricultural and Renewables Policy [11,16], as well as promoting circular economy [17][18][19]. Sorghum, fruit waste, spirit-based distillers, empty fruit bunches, sugar cane bagasse, rice straw and walnut shells [20][21][22][23] were among the residues tested.…”

“…The reaction temperature, flow rate of the gasifying agent, blending ratio, chemical and structural characteristics of feedstocks and composition of ashes were addressed as the key factors affecting the performance of the co-gasification process. Synergetic effects were mostly reported between coal and biomass depending on these factors, increasing or decreasing the reactivity of the fuels and the yield of product gases [17][18][19][20][21]. Alkali and alkaline earth metals in biomass ash were found to enhance the reaction rate of the blends more than expected [17,19,20,24], while Si, Al and P contents in coals were found to inhibit the process [24].…”

“…Synergetic effects were mostly reported between coal and biomass depending on these factors, increasing or decreasing the reactivity of the fuels and the yield of product gases [17][18][19][20][21]. Alkali and alkaline earth metals in biomass ash were found to enhance the reaction rate of the blends more than expected [17,19,20,24], while Si, Al and P contents in coals were found to inhibit the process [24]. External catalysts, such as Ca(OH) 2 , dolomite, olivine and Na-Fe, were also used [7,8,25] to increase the yield of obtained hydrogen and reduce tar.…”

Valorization of Fermented Food Wastes and Byproducts: Bioactive and Valuable Compounds, Bioproduct Synthesis, and Applications

“…Several microorganisms can be used, including hydrolytic, acidogenic, and acetogenic bacteria, to form VACs, metabolites, CO 2, CH 4 [64] alcohols [77], and H 2 [76]. The use of residues for H 2 synthesis is still being optimized for use on an industrial scale, which brings other possibilities for study and evaluation regarding the topic [147,148].…”