Utilization of Hard Carbon As a Substitute for Graphite As Efficient Lithium Battery Anode Material

Dada, Oluwaseun John

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3368403

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…For example, there is no available alternative for natural graphite in refractories, brake linings, and steelmaking. , To date, no other material can match the properties of synthetic graphite that are essential for use in graphite electrodes. , It is possible, however, to use other materials in place of graphite in batteries. Graphite anodes in LIBs could be replaced by other carbon materials such as hard carbon and nanocarbon, , silicon-based materials, or metallic materials . For rapidly emerging new battery technologies, the anode materials for solid-state batteries and zinc-air batteries are lithium and zinc, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 , 9 It is possible, however, to use other materials in place of graphite in batteries. Graphite anodes in LIBs could be replaced by other carbon materials such as hard carbon and nanocarbon, 84 , 85 silicon-based materials, 86 or metallic materials. 87 For rapidly emerging new battery technologies, 18 the anode materials for solid-state batteries and zinc-air batteries are lithium and zinc, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphite Flows in the U.S.: Insights into a Key Ingredient of Energy Transition

Zhang

Liang

Dunn

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Demand for graphite will grow with expanding use of lithium-ion batteries in the United States. Much graphite is imported, raising supply chain risks. It is therefore imperative to characterize graphite's sources and sinks. Accordingly, we present the first material flow analysis for natural and synthetic graphite in the U.S. The analysis (for 2018) begins with processed graphite trade and includes graphite production, graphite product trade, manufacturing of end products, end product use, and waste management. It considers 11 end-use applications for graphite, two waste management stages, and three recycling pathways. In 2018, 354 thousand tonnes (kt) of processed graphite were consumed in the U.S., including 60 kt natural graphite and 294 kt synthetic graphite. 145 kt of graphite were traded. Refractories and foundries consumed 56% of natural graphite; 42% of synthetic graphite went into making graphite electrodes. Batteries accounted for 10 and 5% of natural and synthetic graphite consumption, respectively; 78% of total graphite used dissipated into the environment; 22% reached the waste disposal stage of which 71% was landfilled and 29% was recycled; and 59 kt of graphite accumulated in in-use stocks. Recycling more graphite and producing graphite from lignin would favorably influence today's supply chain.

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