Utilization of Image, LiDAR and Gamma-Ray Information to Improve Environmental Sustainability of Cut-to-Length Wood Harvesting Operations in Peatlands: A Management Systems Perspective

Abstract

Forest industry corporations use quality management systems in their wood procurement operations. Spatial quality data are used to improve the quality of wood harvesting and to achieve environmental sustainability. Some studies have proposed new management systems based on LiDAR. The main aim of this study was to investigate how efficiently planning systems can select areas for wood harvesting a priori with respect to avoiding harvesting damage caused by forest machinery. A literature review revealed the possibility of using GISs, and case studies showed the criteria required to predict the required quality levels. Terrestrial LiDAR can be utilized in authorities’ quality control systems, but it is inefficient for preplanning without terrestrial gamma-ray data collection. Airborne LiDAR and gamma-ray information about forest soils can only be used for planning larger regions at the forest level because the information includes too much uncertainty to allow it to be used for planning in small-sized areas before wood harvesting operations involving wood procurement. In addition, airborne LiDAR is not accurate enough, even at the forest level, for the planning of wood procurement systems because wood harvesting remains challenging without field measurements. Therefore, there is a need for the use of manual ground-penetrating radar for determining the peat layer thickness and the depth to the groundwater table.

Application of Geoinformatics in Forest Planning and Management

“…Researchers can also use the model combined with other decision-making systems to improve the quality of timber harvesting, such as prioritizing the most feasible locations for ecological restoration or fuel dilution. Some researchers continue to use AHP and LiDAR to collect spatial data and observe timber harvesting [97,98]. Furthermore, Jaziri [99] examined the subject from a different perspective.…”

Design of vehicle log image acquisition system based on deep learning and laser sensor

“…The target image acquisition based on sensor need external sensors, photoelectric sensors, ultrasonic sensor, laser sensor, etc. ), when external sensors detected signals triggered when the object to be tested to the camera, the camera a frame target image was taken from the received signal, the last PC camera image data read again for subsequent image processing [10] . In the application of fixed focal length industrial camera, this acquisition scheme can accurately control the distance between the target and the camera, so as to obtain high-quality clear images.…”

Efficacy of Biological and Chemical Control Agents against Heterobasidion Spore Infections of Norway Spruce and Scots Pine Stumps on Drained Peatland

“…Until recently, loggings on peatlands have almost solely been conducted in the winter when the ground is frozen, and Heterobasidion fruiting bodies do not sporulate, which may have protected these stands from infections. Improved planning tools for logging operations and the development of harvesting and extraction machinery suitable for sensitive peatland sites to minimize soil disturbance have increased summer loggings on drained peatlands [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. Therefore, the situation concerning Heterobasidionroot rot may deteriorate rapidly due to changes in logging practices.…”