“…As de ned by Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, the diverse direct and indirect societal bene ts provided by mangroves or any other ecosystem may be broadly categorized into four: 1. provisioning (food, fuel, freshwater, and products obtained from ecosystems), 2. regulating (climate and water regulation, and other bene ts obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes), 3. supporting (necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services), and 4. cultural services (non-material and intangible bene ts such cultural diversity, and spiritual and religious values) (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Secretariat, 2005). Nevertheless, several researches have focused on provisioning services provided by mangroves and their contribution to local livelihoods and food security (Aye et al, 2019;Gnansounou et al, 2021;Mallick et al, 2021;Seary et al, 2020;zu Ermgassen et al, 2021), health and well-being (Arbiastutie & Diba, 2021;Bibi et al, 2019;Islam et al, 2022;Tamalene et al, 2021), protection from natural hazards (Hochard et al, 2021;Kathiresan & Rajendran, 2005;Sandilyan & Kathiresan, 2015), as well as their value for blue carbon and climate regulation (Adame et al, 2018(Adame et al, , 2021Gevaña et al, 2018;Song et al, 2021).…”