Utilization of Microalgal Biofractions for Bioethanol, Higher Alcohols, and Biodiesel Production: A Review

El-Dalatony, Marwa M.; Salama, El-Sayed; Kurade, Mayur B.; Hassan, Sedky H.A.; Oh, Sang‐Eun; Kim, Sunjoon; Jeon, Byong‐Hun

doi:10.3390/en10122110

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Cellular compositions of microalgae are critical evaluation parameters in various applications [26][27][28][29]. Generally, the main organic components of microalgae are lipid, protein, and carbohydrate, which represent approximately 90% of the microalgal dry biomass.…”

Section: Quantification Of Main Cellular Compositions Of Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Photoperiods on Microalgae Biofilm: Photosynthetic Performance, Biomass Yield, and Cellular Composition

et al. 2019

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Microalgae have immense potential as biological sources to produce biofuels and high-value biomolecules. Biofilm-based microalgae cultivation has attracted much interest recently because of its high biomass productivity, reduced water use, and low cost of harvesting. This study aimed to understand the effect of photoperiod on three microalgae biofilms, including Nannochloris oculata, Chlorella sp., and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The examined photoperiods were 3:3 s, 5:5 s, 30:30 min, 12:12 h (light-period-to-dark-period ratio), and continuous lighting. By determining the maximum quantum yield and relative electron transport rate of photosystem II, we found that photoperiods on the seconds scale improved photosynthetic performance of microalgae biofilm. Biomass yield and lipid content of these three microalgae cultured under the photoperiod with the seconds scale increased by 11%–24% and 7%–22%, respectively, compared with those cultured under continuous lighting. In addition, the photoperiods of 3:3 s, 5:5 s, 30:30 min, and 12:12 h were beneficial for protein synthesis. These results have important implications in establishing suitable light regimes for microalgae biofilm-based cultivation systems.

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Section: Quantification Of Main Cellular Compositions Of Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Photoperiods on Microalgae Biofilm: Photosynthetic Performance, Biomass Yield, and Cellular Composition

et al. 2019

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“…Over recent decades, microalgal biomass has been regarded as a highly potential feedstock for hydrogen production, owing to its high growth rate and high carbohydrate and protein contents [12]. Moreover, microalgal biomass is superior to other feedstock, e.g., food crops and lignocellulosic biomass, because it has no competition with food crops for arable land, it is not typically used in food production [13], and it has less or no lignin content [14], which enables a more facile saccharification than lignocellulosic biomass [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of enzymes is considered more sustainable than the use of chemicals, because it can be performed under milder conditions and no pH neutralization is required for the subsequent fermentation [26]. However, conducting pretreatment or saccharification prior to fermentation in a so-called separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process is known to have high operational costs and longer processing times (saccharification and fermentation are conducted in separate vessels) [12]. In order to partially solve these problems, a process known as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is implemented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Hydrogen Production from Chlorella sp. Biomass by Pre-Hydrolysis with Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (PSSF)

et al. 2019

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Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and pre-hydrolysis with SSF (PSSF) were used to produce hydrogen from the biomass of Chlorella sp. SSF was conducted using an enzyme mixture consisting of 80 filter paper unit (FPU) g-biomass−1 of cellulase, 92 U g-biomass−1 of amylase, and 120 U g-biomass−1 of glucoamylase at 35 °C for 108 h. This yielded 170 mL-H2 g-volatile-solids−1 (VS), with a productivity of 1.6 mL-H2 g-VS−1 h−1. Pre-hydrolyzing the biomass at 50 °C for 12 h resulted in the production of 1.8 g/L of reducing sugars, leading to a hydrogen yield (HY) of 172 mL-H2 g-VS−1. Using PSSF, the fermentation time was shortened by 36 h in which a productivity of 2.4 mL-H2 g-VS−1 h−1 was attained. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on the use of SSF and PSSF for hydrogen production from microalgal biomass, and the HY obtained in the study is by far the highest yield reported. Our results indicate that PSSF is a promising process for hydrogen production from microalgal biomass.

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“…Different types of biomass contain different amounts of sugars and the complexity of the biomass is reflected between structural and carbohydrate components [62,63]. Plant biomass is mostly composed of lignin (13.6-28.1%), cellulose (40.6-51.2%) and hemicellulose (28.5-37.2%) biopolymer [64], which serves as raw material for production of fuels.…”

Section: Pretreatment and Hydrolysis For Extraction Of Macroalgal Sugarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol from macroalgae: Prospects and challenges

Ramachandra

Hebbale

2020

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

131

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Burgeoning dependence on fossil fuels for transport and industrial sectors has been posing challenges such as depletion of fossil fuel reserves, enhanced greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, with the imminent changes in the climate, etc. This has necessitated an exploration of sustainable, eco-friendly and carbon neutral energy alternatives. Recent studies on biofuels indicate that algal biomass, particularly from marine macroalgae (seaweeds) have the potential to supplement oil fuel. Marine macroalgae are fast growing and carbohydrate rich biomass having advantage over other biofuel feedstock in terms of land dependence, freshwater requirements, not competing with food crops, which were the inherent drawback of the first-and second-generation feedstock. The present communication reviews the macroalgal feedstock availability, screening and selection of viable feedstock based on the biochemical composition, process involved, scope and opportunities in bioethanol production as well as technology interventions. The prospect of bioethanol production from algal feedstock of Central West Coast of India has been evaluated taking into account challenges (feedstock sustenance, technical feasibility, economic viability) in order to achieve energy sustainability. The green algae exhibited growth during all seasons and highest total carbohydrate was recorded from green seaweed Ulva lactuca (62.15 � 12.8%). Elemental (CHN) analyses of seaweed samples indicate 25.31-37.95% of carbon, 4.52-6.48% hydrogen and 1.88-4.36% Nitrogen. Highest carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content were recorded respectively from G.pusillum (C: 37.95%), G. pusillum (H: 6.48%) and E.intestinalis (N: 4.36%). Green seaweeds are rich in cellulose content (>10%) compared to other seaweeds (2-10%). Higher cellulose content was estimated in U.lactuca (14.03 � 0.14%), followed by E. intestinalis (12.10 � 0.53%) and C.media (10.53 � 0.17%). Cellulose is a glucan present in green seaweeds, which can easily be hydrolysed through enzyme and subsequently fermented to produce bioethanol. Lower sugar removal in acid hydrolysate neutralization process (Na 2 CO 3) was recorded in U.lactuca (39.8%) and E.intestinalis (14.7%). Highest ethanol yield of 1.63 g and 0.49 g achieving 25.8% and 77.4% efficiency in SHF (Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation) and SSF (Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation) process respectively was recorded for green alga E. intestinalis.

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Utilization of Microalgal Biofractions for Bioethanol, Higher Alcohols, and Biodiesel Production: A Review

Cited by 53 publications

References 98 publications

Influence of Photoperiods on Microalgae Biofilm: Photosynthetic Performance, Biomass Yield, and Cellular Composition

Influence of Photoperiods on Microalgae Biofilm: Photosynthetic Performance, Biomass Yield, and Cellular Composition

Enhancing Hydrogen Production from Chlorella sp. Biomass by Pre-Hydrolysis with Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (PSSF)

Bioethanol from macroalgae: Prospects and challenges

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